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This chapter begins by describing the characteristics and purposes of the different windows in MATLAB. Next, the Command Window is introduced in detail. This chapter shows how to use MATLAB for arithmetic operations with scalars in a fashion similar to the way that a calculator is used. This includes the use of elementary math functions with scalars. The chapter then shows how to define scalar variables (the assignment operator) and how to use these variables in arithmetic calculations. The last section in the chapter introduces script files. It shows how to write, save, and execute simple MATLAB programs.