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SQL*Loader is an Oracle-supplied utility that allows you to load data from a flat file into one or more database tables. That's it. That's the sole reason for SQL*Loader's existence.
The basis for almost everything you do with SQL*Loader is a file known as the control file. The SQL*Loader control file is a text file into which you place a description of the data to be loaded. You also use the control file to tell SQL*Loader which database tables and columns should receive the data that you are loading.