How, then, might the information systems community design for informed consent? We take up that challenge here. Toward answering this question, we ground our work in the interactional theory and tripartite methodology of Value Sensitive Design. 3, 4, 5 Our approach integrates conceptual, technical, and empirical investigations. We consider the impact of information systems on both direct and indirect stakeholders. Introduction Changes in consumer attitudes are occurring against the backdrop of two major trends: (1) the evolution of the concept of privacy; and (2) the erosion of historical protections for privacy. The conception of privacy and, correspondingly, that of informed consent, has evolved through changes in political, legal, economic, social, and technological spheres. In earlier times, privacy (and the security it afforded) existed primarily in relation to physical prop- erty. Consequently, protections were given against trespasses of physical property and against battery to a person's body. Liberty meant "freedom from actual restraint." 6 In the late 1800s, advances in photographic technology made it possible to take pictures surrepti- tiously. Thus, the implicit consent given when "sitting" for a portrait became an inade- quate safeguard against the improper capturing of one's portrait for circulation and profit. In reaction to these changes, in a landmark 1890 Harvard Law Review article, "The Right to Privacy," 7 Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis urged the courts to recognize an individ-