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CHAPTER 13 - I/O Systems > 13.6 STREAMS

13.6 STREAMS

UNIX System V has an interesting mechanism, called STREAMS, that enables an application to assemble pipelines of driver code dynamically. A stream is a full-duplex connection between a device driver and a user-level process. It consists of a stream head that interfaces with the user process, a driver end that controls the device, and zero or more stream modules between the stream head and the driver end. Each of these components contains a pair of queues —a read queue and a write queue. Message passing is used to transfer data between queues. The STREAMS structure is shown in Figure 13.14.
Figure 13.14 The STREAMS structure.
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Modules provide the functionality of STREAMS processing; they are pushed onto a stream by use of the ioctl() system call. For example, a process can open a serial-port device via a stream and can push on a module to handle input editing. Because messages are exchanged between queues in adjacent modules, a queue in one module may overflow an adjacent queue. To prevent this from occurring, a queue may support flow control. Without flow control, a queue accepts all messages and immediately sends them on to the queue in the adjacent module without buffering them. A queue supporting flow control buffers messages and does not accept messages without sufficient buffer space; this process involves exchanges of control messages between queues in adjacent modules.

  

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