We can now integrate the concepts described in this book by describing real operating systems. Two such systems are covered in great detail—Linux and Windows XP. We chose Linux for several reasons: It is popular, it is freely available, and it represents a full-featured UNIX system. This gives a student of operating systems an opportunity to read—and modify—real operating-system source code.
We also cover WindowsXP in great detail. This recent operating system from Microsoft is gaining popularity, not only in the stand-alone-machine market, but also in the workgroup-server market. We chose Windows XP because it provides an opportunity for us to study a modern operating system that has a design and implementation drastically different from those of UNIX.
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