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It is difficult to know how to tune a running system if you have no idea how a system "normally" runs. By asking careful questions of the system (and interpreting the answers correctly), you can avoid poking around at variables in the dark and make effective changes exactly where they need to be made.
This is where log files can be your best friend. Treat them well, and pay them the attention they're due; you will learn volumes about how your system is being used. But if you simply let them fill up your disks, they can be a source of much confusion. With the proper tools and techniques, your system logs will be concise and detailed enough to tell you exactly what you need to know.