1.6. Reusing Code with the Import Statement

One problem with learning something new is that, if it is abstract, like calculus, for example, it is hard to justify caring about it. When was the last time you used the math you learned in high school at the grocery store? In our previous examples, we showed you how to create functions as an alternative to executing shell commands one after another in a script. We also told you that a module is really just a script, or some lines of code in a file. It isn’t anything tricky, but it does need to be arranged in a particular way so that it can be reused in another future program. Here is the point where we show you why you should care. Let’s import the previous system information scripts in both Bash and Python and execute.

Open the IPython and Bash windows if you closed them so that we can demonstrate very quickly why functions are important for code reuse. One of the first scripts we created in Python was a sequence of commands in a file named pysysinfo.py. In Python because a file is a module and vice versa, we can import this script file into IPython. Keep in mind that you never need to specify the .py portion of the file you are importing. In fact if you do this, the import will not work. Here is what it looks like when we do that on Noah’s Macbook Pro laptop:

In [1]: import pysysinfo
Gathering system information with uname command:
  
Darwin Macintosh-8.local 9.2.2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.2.2: /
  Tue Mar  4 21:17:34 PST 2008; root:xnu-1228.4.31~1/RELEASE_I386 i386
Gathering diskspace information df command:
  
Filesystem      Size   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/disk0s2    93Gi   88Gi  4.2Gi    96%    /
devfs          110Ki  110Ki    0Bi   100%    /dev
fdesc          1.0Ki  1.0Ki    0Bi   100%    /dev
map -hosts       0Bi    0Bi    0Bi   100%    /net
map auto_home    0Bi    0Bi    0Bi   100%    /home
/dev/disk1s2   298Gi  105Gi  193Gi    36%    /Volumes/Backup
/dev/disk2s3   466Gi  240Gi  225Gi    52%    /Volumes/EditingDrive

Wow, that is pretty cool, right? If you import a file full of Python code it seems to runs great. But, actually, there are a few problems with this. If you plan to run Python code, it should always be executed from the command line as a part of a script or program you write. Using import is to help with this “reusing code” idea we keep throwing around. Here is the punch line: what if you only wanted to print the output of the diskspace portion of the script? The answer is you can’t. That is why you use functions. They allow you to control when and how parts of your program run so that they don’t all run at once, as they do in this example. Don’t just take our word for it, though. If you import the example of a script that puts these commands into functions, you’ll see what we mean.