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Active Directory is a major component of an organization's network. Wherever Microsoft systems are deployed, odds are extremely high that Active Directory controls access to the computers, file and printer resources, email, databases, and applications.
Microsoft released Active Directory with Windows 2000. So, it has had almost a decade to become entrenched in organizations. Windows Server 2008 R2 is just the fourth major release of Active Directory. Organizations will upgrade to this version or a later one eventually.