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Described simply, the job of ActiveSync is to synchronize the content of mobile devices with the Exchange server. Likewise, ActiveSync can synchronize content between the mobile device and a host desktop PC to back up the mobile device in case of power failure or service replacement.
The original Windows SBS 2003 release came with ActiveSync 3.7 installed. SBS Service Pack 1 upgraded ActiveSync to version 3.8 with minor improvements and is the current version. ActiveSync 4.0 is the successor to 3.8, with support for the Windows Mobile 5.0 operating system for handheld devices.