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A reflector card for the hot-shoe flash can be quickly assembled. Simply score a rectangular piece of cardboard along the lines indicated in the diagram below (crease at the fold lines with the dull edge of a knife, so it can be folded more accurately) and attach onto the flash with a wide rubber band. Finished! The much larger area of illumination created from the reflector card renders a softer light and can be directed at the object by tilting the reflector. In addition to a white reflector card, you can also use silver, gold, or any other color for special effects.
The cardboard reflector can be tilted with the flash head and allows for soft light from above (even with short focal length lenses and short distances to the object).