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The most basic mode for automatic flash operation, especially when light levels are low, is to use a brief shutter speed to keep blurring induced by camera movement to a minimum. The flash unit, controlled by the camera's flash metering system, then fires enough light to illuminate the foreground. This typically leaves the background dark, the way most people think of flash when using a simple point-and-shoot camera.
Canon EOS cameras also work this way when in P (Program) mode (green rectangle mode), most of the icon modes, and when using either a built-in flash or an external Speedlite.