Picture Credits All illustrations and photographs are by the author unless otherwise noted. Page 6 courtesy and © Maxwell Render and Yusuke Okaue, Photonworks Page 7 courtesy and © Xavier Young Page 8 courtesy www.earlyphotography.co.uk Page 11 courtesy and © James McArdle Page 20 courtesy of Corbis © 2009 The Ansel Adams Publishing Rights Trust Page 29 courtesy and © Thomas A Clary/AFP/Getty Images Page 30 © Henry Wilhelm. Reprinted with permission of IS&T: The Society for Imaging Science and Technology sole copyright owners of International Symposium on Technologies for Digital Fulfillment Program and Proceedings Pages 33, 50, 81, 130, 190, 204 and 237 courtesy George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography and Film Page 39 all images courtesy Leica Camera Page 47 courtesy University of Glasgow Library, Department of Special Collections Page 51 courtesy and © Henri Cartier- Bresson/Magnum Photos Pages 58 and 179 courtesy and © Tammie Malarich (www.tammiemalarich.com) Page 80 courtesy and © Andrew Youngman Page 91 courtesy of Kodak Limited (UK) Page 95 `Cadaques Growth, 2005' courtesy and © Jay Archibald Page 102 © Harold & Esther Edgerton Foundation, 2009, courtesy of Palm Press, Inc. Page 106 courtesy Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division LC-USF342-8133-A Page 103 courtesy and © the Eggleston Trust Page 119 reproduced with the permission of the North of England Lead Mining Museum, Killhope, Co. Durham Page 120 courtesy and © Mohammad Al-Mumen Page 121 (right) courtesy of Photon Beard Pages 124 and 251 courtesy Mike England (http://www.fivefour.co.uk/) 288 Page 129 © Lee Friedlander, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco Page 140 Pearblossom Hwy., 11­18th April 1986 (Second Version). 1986. Photographic Collage (71 1 / 2 x 107 inches). © David Hockney. Collection: The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Photograph: Richard Schmidt Page 142 `Lily Pond' courtesy and © Kathy Harcom www.kathyharcom.com Page 150 © Polaroid Corporation courtesy The Polaroid Collections Page 152 courtesy Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division LC-USF34-021234-E Page 156 image by GOSSEN Foto-und Lichtmeßtechnik GmbH Page 158 courtesy and © Science Museum/Science & Society Picture Library Pages 159, 185 and 211 © Man Ray Trust/DAGP Paris and DACS, London 2009 , Page 163 courtesy and © Kodak Limited Page 167 courtesy of Newscom Page 177 courtesy and © CHANEL/Photo Daniel Jouanneau Page 180 courtesy David Elsworth Page 182 images reproduced with the permission of Kamera Werk Dresden Optronics GmbH Page 187 courtesy Getty Images/Hulton Archive Page 191 courtesy and © Sara McKenna Page 208 ProRing2 image used with permission of Profoto, Stockholm, Sweden Page 216 courtesy of Nikon Page 221 courtesy of the Artist and Metro Pictures Page 226 taken by Alison Präkel, reproduced with the permission of National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio Page 237 © Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Page 240 courtesy and © Apeture Foundation, Inc., Paul Strand Archive Page 249 courtesy and © Andrea Giuseppe Page 267 taken by the author, reproduced with the permission of The North of England Open Air Museum, Beamish, Co. Durham