167 44; renormalization and, 51­54, 111­12, 134, 138, 143; singulari- ties and, 36­39, 43, 47; speed of light and, 42­44; string dualities and, 104; supergravity, 54, 71­73, 83­84, 93­94, 96, 104, 116; tidal forces and, 39­40; time and, 44; waves and, 41­42; weight and, 12, 36 grotto Wall, Colorado, 34 group, 75­77. See also symmetry, group hard process, 133­34, 143­45 h-bombs, 145 heavy ions, 8; black hole horizons and, 147­48; collisions of, 4­5; fifth dimension and, 140­58; heavy quarks and, 154­57; lead and, 142, 157; relativistic heavy ion Collider (rhiC) and, 142, 145, 157; viscosity and, 146­48 limit and, 71, 73, 94, 141; quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and, 111­14, 126, 151­57; string dualities and, 104­16; supersymmetry and, 120­25 (see also super symmetry); tachyons and, 59­62, 70, 74, 85­87, 100, 118­20, 125; ten, 3, 62, 74, 96­97, 100, 105, 115, 125­27, 149, 159­60; theory of everything and, 125­32; time and, 12; twenty-six, 3, 60­62, 65­66, 74, 77, 100 high-temperature superconductivity, 130­32 hilbert, David, 6 hydrogen, 15, 57; atomic structure and, 23­24; frequency of, 20, 25­26; magnetic resonance imaging (Mri) and, 79; quantum mechanics and, 20, 31; uncertainty principle and, 24; zero-point energy and, 45­46