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AS3 is used to program interactive content for the Flash Platform.
AS3 is object oriented and usually strongly typed, and it supports dynamic types.
The Flash Platform encompasses languages, APIs, tools and IDEs, compilers, and the Flash Player and AIR runtimes.
AS3 is the principal language used for Flash; MXML turns into AS3.
Without the Flash Player API, you can't do much with AS3.
The API is tightly tied to the runtime. This book is about ActionScript 3.0 and the Flash Player API.
There are many tools for building Flash content. Most rely on the ActionScript compilers in the Flex SDK.
You compile your ActionScript code to produce a SWF.
SWFs are portable, compressed, and platform independent. They contain compiled code and other resources.
SWFs are consumed by Flash Player.
Flash Player comes on many platforms in many different flavors.
All a user needs to run your Flash content is a compatible version of Flash Player.