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Even though it may look like a single file in the Finder, a Cocoa application is actually a collection of files in a special directory structure known as a bundle. Bundle directories in the filesystem have a special significance that the Finder understands and that allows users to treat applications, as well as other types of bundles, as a single entity. This allows users to install an application simply by dragging it from a CD image and relocate it by dragging it around the filesystem.
There are three general types of bundles: