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| A1: | A reference is an alias, and a pointer is a variable that holds an address. References cannot be null and cannot be assigned to. |
| A2: | When you need to reassign what is pointed to, or when the pointer might be null. |
| A3: | A null pointer (0). |
| A4: | This is a shorthand way of saying a reference to a constant object. |
| A5: | Passing by reference means not making a local copy. It can be accomplished by passing a reference or by passing a pointer. |
| A6: | All three are correct; however, you should pick one style and then use it consistently. |