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Mnesia was originally built for integration in distributed, massively concurrent, soft real-time systems with high availability requirements (i.e., telecoms). You want to use Mnesia if your system requires the following:
Fast key-value lookups of potentially complex data
Distributed and replicated data across a cluster of nodes with support for location transparency
Data persistency with support for fast data access
Runtime reconfiguration of the table location and table features
Support for transactions, possibly across a distributed cluster of nodes
Data indexing
The same level of fault tolerance as for a typical Erlang system
Tight coupling of your data model to Erlang data types and to Erlang itself
Relational queries that don’t have soft real-time deadlines