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The concept and architecture of modern directory services comes to us from the ISO X.500 specification for directory services.
A directory is intended to be a hierarchically arranged database; arrangement of the database is left up to the designer of the Directory Information Tree (DIT). The DIT of a multinational corporation could be arranged a number of ways. It could be arranged hierarchically by geographic location as in Figure 12-1 or by organizational function as in Figure 12-2.