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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Example Listing the Busiest Processes on a System
Figure 1-2 Setting up Cachefs and Checking for Large Files
Figure 1-3 Sample /etc/vfstab for Workstation Recipe
Figure 1-4 Sample /etc/system Kernel Tuning Parameters for a 128-Mbyte Solaris 2 NFS Server
Figure 1-5 Example /etc/system Entries for a Database Server
Figure 3-1 A Conceptual Model of Performance
Figure 3-2 Example iostat -x Disk Statistics
Figure 3-3 Saturation Points and the Relationship Between Performance Measures
Figure 3-4 Response Time Equations
Figure 3-5 How to Start Up System Accounting in Solaris 2
Figure 3-6 crontab Entry for Long-Term sar Data Collection
Figure 3-7 Example Data from sar Averages Tabulated with awk
Figure 3-8 Finding the Saturation Point
Figure 3-9 Model Formula and Coefficients Produced for System Sizing
Figure 4-1 The TCP Monitor Program
Figure 4-2 The tcp.analysis Program
Figure 4-3 HTTP GET Incoming Request and Outgoing Response
Figure 4-4 Zoom In Twice on HTTP GET Response
Figure 4-5 HTTP Request and Response with Retransmit Congestion
Figure 4-6 HTTP Response Retransmission
Figure 4-7 Clean Transfer to Buggy TCP Client
Figure 4-8 Two Separate Window-Limited Transfers
Figure 4-9 Large Transfers with Window-Close Flow Control
Figure 4-10 Retransmission Problems with Large Transfers
Figure 4-11 Increased Minimum Retransmit Time-out
Figure 4-12 Transfers Using HTTP Persistent Connections
Figure 4-13 High Bandwidth Persistent Connection Transfers
Figure 4-15 Load on www.sun.com for the First Week in March 1996
Figure 4-16 HTTP Load over a Month
Figure 4-17 Direct Web Service Without Proxy Cache
Figure 4-18 Indirect Web Service
Figure 4-19 Clustered Web Cache Service
Figure 4-20 Log-Log Plot of Response Time Versus Size
Figure 4-21 Perspective Log-Log Plot of Response Time Versus Size Distribution
Figure 4-22 Example iostat Results on a Proxy Cache with Logging File System
Figure 5-1 Dumbbell Diagram for Java Computing Architecture
Figure 5-2 Dumbbell Diagrams for Dumb Terminals
Figure 5-3 Dumbbell Diagrams for Fat Clients
Figure 5-4 Dumbbell Diagrams for X-Terminal Clients
Figure 5-5 Applix Anyware Configuration
Figure 5-6 OpenConnect VT220 Emulation
Figure 5-7 OpenConnect 3270 Emulation
Figure 5-8 Sun Sales Forecast Application
Figure 6-1 Code for the Metrognome Class
Figure 6-2 Debug Profile Without System Routines (Times in ms)
Figure 6-3 Debug Profile with System Routines (Times in ms)
Figure 6-4 Debug Profile Times with Unbuffered Input
Figure 6-5 Debug Profile Times with Java1.1 BufferedReader
Figure 6-6 Optimized Profile Times
Figure 6-7 Recommended Compiler Options to Optimize for All SPARC Systems
Figure 6-8 Recommended Compiler Options to Optimize for UltraSPARC
Figure 7-1 Example Using truss to Track Process File Usage
Figure 7-2 Example Display from msacct.se
Figure 8-1 Example Tunable Settings for the UFS Write Throttle
Figure 8-3 Kernel Disk Information Statistics Data Structure
Figure 8-4 SE-Based Rewrite of iostat to Show Service Time Correctly
Figure 8-5 How to Identify the Exact Disk Type and Vendor by Using format
Figure 8-6 Example Vendor Disk Specification Sheet
Figure 8-7 Average Disk Seek and Rotation Components
Figure 8-8 /etc/format.dat Entry for Sun 669-Mbyte Disk
Figure 8-9 SPARCstorage Disk Array Architecture
Figure 8-10 SPARCstorage Array Manager Configuration Display
Figure 8-11 SPARCstorage Array Monitoring Display Screen Shot
Figure 8-12 RSM2000/A3000 Disk Array Architecture
Figure 8-13 56” Rack-Mounted A5000 Disk Array Architecture
Figure 9-1 Example iostat Output Showing NFS Mount Points
Figure 9-2 Solaris 2.6 Example of netstat -k to See Network Interface Data in Detail
Figure 9-3 Configuring More Than 256 IP Addresses Per Interface
Figure 9-4 NFS Server Operation Counts
Figure 9-5 NFS Client Operation Counts (Solaris 2.4 Version)
Figure 9-6 NFS Operation Response Times Measured by Client
Figure 9-7 netstat -i Output Showing Multiple Network Interfaces
Figure 10-1 Example vmstat Output
Figure 10-2 Example vmstat -s Raw Counters Output
Figure 10-3 Example mpstat Output
Figure 10-4 The sysinfo Process Queue Data Structure
Figure 10-5 The vminfo Memory Usage Data Structure
Figure 10-6 The cpu_vminfo Per CPU Paging Counters Structure
Figure 10-7 The cpu_sysinfo Per-CPU System Information Structure
Figure 10-8 Monitoring All the CPUs with mpstat
Figure 10-9 System Call Mix for C Shell Loop
Figure 10-10 Example lockstat Output
Figure 10-11 Typical Distributed Memory Multiprocessor with Mesh Network
Figure 10-12 Typical Small-Scale, Shared Memory Multiprocessor
Figure 10-13 Application Speed Changes as Hit Rate Varies with a 25-Cycle Miss Cost
Figure 10-14 Linked List Example
Figure 10-15 Linked List Search Code in C
Figure 10-16 Linked List Search Loop in Assembler
Figure 11-1 Setting SuperCache Prefetch Mode
Figure 11-2 Cache-Busting Block-Copy Code
Figure 11-3 SPARC Reference MMU Table Walk
Figure 11-4 UltraSPARC MMU Table Walk
Figure 11-5 Example UltraSPARC MMU Statistics
Figure 11-6 The SPARCstation 1, 1+, IPC, SLC, 2, IPX, and ELC Family System Architecture
Figure 11-7 The SPARCstation LX and SPARCclassic Family System Architecture
Figure 11-8 The SPARCstation Voyager and SPARCstation 4 and 5 Family System Architecture
Figure 11-9 SPARCstation 10 Model 30, 40, and SPARCstation 20 Model 50 Organization
Figure 11-10 SPARCsystem 10, 20, and 600 Model 41, 51, and 61 Organization
Figure 11-11 SPARCstation 10 Model 402MP and SPARCstation 20 Model 502MP Cache Organization
Figure 11-12 The SPARCsystem 10, 20, and 600 Model 514MP Cache Organization
Figure 11-13 SPARCserver 1000 Configuration
Figure 11-14 SPARCcenter 2000 System Board Configuration
Figure 11-15 How to Manually Push Streams on an Alternative Console Port
Figure 11-16 UltraSPARC IIi-Based, Entry-Level Ultra 5, Ultra 10 System Architecture
Figure 11-17 The UltraSPARC Port Architecture (UPA) Ultra 1, 2, and 30 Implementation
Figure 11-18 The E450 UltraSPARC Port Architecture (UPA) Switched Interconnect
Figure 11-19 The Ultra Enterprise Server CPU+Memory Board Implementation
Figure 11-20 The Ultra Enterprise Server I/O Board Implementation
Figure 11-21 Enterprise Server Board Configuration: Side View with Numbering
Figure 11-22 The E10000 Starfire Implementation
Figure 12-1 Example Name Service Cache Daemon (nscd) Configuration
Figure 12-2 File Access Caches for Local Disk Access
Figure 12-3 File Access Caches for NFS and Cachefs
Figure 13-1 Example sar Paging Display
Figure 13-2 Example sar Page-out Display
Figure 13-3 Example sar Swapping Display
Figure 13-4 Example Vmstat 5 Output for a SPARCserver 1000 with 200 Users
Figure 13-5 Simplified Virtual Memory Address Space and File Mappings
Figure 13-6 The Memory-Go-Round
Figure 13-7 Reducing fsflush CPU Usage by Increasing autoup in /etc/system
Figure 13-8 Measuring fsflush CPU Usage
Figure 13-9 Parameters to Control Page Scanning Rate and Onset of Swapping
Figure 13-10 Example vmstat Output Highlighting Swap Queue
Figure 13-11 Example system_pages kstat Output from netstat -k
Figure 13-12 Example Swap Data Calculations
Figure 13-13 SE Code To Read Swap Measures and Display Correctly Labeled Data
Figure 14-1 Example Pseudo-tty Count Setting in /etc/system
Figure 14-2 Example sar Command to Monitor Attribute Cache Rates
Figure 14-3 The Directory Name Lookup Cache and Attribute Information Flows
Figure 14-4 Example netstat Output to Show Inode Statistics
Figure 14-5 Example sar Output to Show Buffer Cache Statistics
Figure 14-6 Example netstat Output to Show Buffer Cache Statistics
Figure 14-7 Example sar Output to See Table Sizes in Solaris 2
Figure 14-8 Example Output from crash kmastat
Figure 14-9 Example Systemwide Resource Limits Shown by sysdef
Figure 14-10 Mapping Solaris 2 Device Nicknames into Full Names
Figure 14-11 Whatdev: Device to Nickname Mapping Script
Figure 15-1 The nlist Structure Declaration
Figure 15-2 Example Declaration Ready for nlist Call
Figure 15-4 Accessing Kernel Data Without the kvm Library
Figure 15-5 Example Use of kvm_open with Default Values
Figure 15-8 Simple Application That Uses the kvm Library
Figure 15-9 Use of the kvm_getproc and kvm_getu Functions
Figure 15-10 Use of kvm_nextproc and kvm_getcmd
Figure 15-11 Reading Pointers Within Pointers
Figure 15-12 The kstat Framework
Figure 15-13 kstat Chain Structure Example
Figure 15-14 A Simple Program for Traversing the kstat Chain
Figure 15-15 Use of kstat_lookup and kstat_data_lookup
Figure 15-16 Traversing the Chain, Looking for “le” Devices
Figure 15-17 Use of kstat_lookup and kstat_data_lookup
Figure 15-18 Traversing the Chain, Looking for “le” Devices
Figure 15-19 Use of kstat_chain_update
Figure 15-20 The RSTATD Protocol Stack
Figure 15-21 Pushing, Popping, and Identifying Streams Modules
Figure 15-22 Extracting MIB Structures from Streams Modules
Figure 15-23 Dump All the Variables Available Through NDD
Figure 15-24 RPC rstatd Returned Data Structure
Figure 15-25 Sample rstat_client.c Code for Obtaining rpc.rstatd Data
Figure 15-26 Example Output from rstat_client
Figure 15-27 Counters from iostat for Comparison
Figure 15-28 Example perfmeter Output
Figure 15-29 Excerpt from prtconf Showing Device Information
Figure 15-30 Example prtdiag Output
Figure 15-31 Example Output from Symon Configuration Daemon
Figure 15-32 Configuration Information Command Examples for RSM2000 Disk Subsystem
Figure 16-1 SE Installation Example
Figure 16-2 Running SE Example Tools
Figure 16-3 Example Display of zoom.se
Figure 16-4 Calendar Manager Performance Appointment
Figure 16-5 Calendar Manager Multibrowse Performance
Figure 16-6 Example Output from nfsstat -m
Figure 16-7 Code for xiostat.se
Figure 16-8 Code for Pure CPU Rule
Figure 16-9 Code for Live CPU Rule
Figure 16-10 Example cpu_meter.se Screenshot
Figure 16-11 Example Display from df_stats.se
Figure 16-12 Example infotool.se Screenshot
Figure 16-13 Example Display for kviewx.se
Figure 16-14 Example multi_meter.se Screenshot
Figure 16-15 Example Output from percollator.se — Time, Rules, CPU, and Disk
Figure 16-16 Example Output from percollator.se — Network and TCP Data
Figure 16-17 Example Output from percollator.se — Connection and HTTP Rates
Figure 16-18 Example Output from percollator.se — HTTP Protocol Mixture
Figure 16-19 Example Output from percollator.se — HTTP Size Distribution
Figure 16-20 Example Output from percollator.se — Proxy Cache Mixture and Transfer Time
Figure 16-21 Example Output from percollator.se — Proxy Cache Transfer Time by Size
Figure 16-22 Example Display for GPercollator Java Viewer
Figure 16-23 Example Output for pure_test.se
Figure 16-24 Example Display for systune.se
Figure 16-25 Usage and Configuration of virtual_adrian.se
