(Parking Charges) A parking garage charges a $2.00 minimum fee to park for up to three hours. The garage charges an additional $0.50 per hour for each hour or part thereof in excess of three hours. The maximum charge for any given 24-hour period is $10.00. Assume that no car parks for longer than 24 hours at a time. Write an application that calculates and displays the parking charges for each customer who parked in the garage yesterday. You should enter the hours parked for each customer. The program should display the charge for the current customer and should calculate and display the running total of yesterday’s receipts. It should use the method calculateCharges to determine the charge for each customer.

(Rounding Numbers) Math.floor can be used to round values to the nearest integer—e.g.,

y = Math.floor( x + 0.5 );

(Rounding Numbers) To round numbers to specific decimal places, use a statement like

y = Math.floor( x * 10 + 0.5 ) / 10;

y = Math.floor( x * 100 + 0.5 ) / 100;

which rounds x to the hundredths position (i.e., the second position to the right of the decimal point). Write an application that defines four methods for rounding a number x in various ways:

For each value read, your program should display the original value, the number rounded to the nearest integer, the number rounded to the nearest tenth, the number rounded to the nearest hundredth and the number rounded to the nearest thousandth.

(Exponentiation) Write a method integerPower(base, exponent) that returns the value of base^exponent

(Hypotenuse Calculations) Define a method hypotenuse that calculates the hypotenuse of a right triangle when the lengths of the other two sides are given. The method should take two arguments of type double and return the hypotenuse as a double. Incorporate this method into an application that reads values for side1 and side2 and performs the calculation with the hypotenuse method. Use Math methods pow and sqrt to determine the length of the hypotenuse for each of the triangles in Fig. 6.15. [Note: Class Math also provides method hypot to perform this calculation.]

(Multiples) Write a method isMultiple that determines, for a pair of integers, whether the second integer is a multiple of the first. The method should take two integer arguments and return true if the second is a multiple of the first and false otherwise. [Hint: Use the remainder operator.] Incorporate this method into an application that inputs a series of pairs of integers (one pair at a time) and determines whether the second value in each pair is a multiple of the first.

(Even or Odd) Write a method isEven that uses the remainder operator (%) to determine whether an integer is even. The method should take an integer argument and return true if the integer is even and false otherwise. Incorporate this method into an application that inputs a sequence of integers (one at a time) and determines whether each is even or odd.

(Displaying a Square of Asterisks) Write a method squareOfAsterisks that displays a solid square (the same number of rows and columns) of asterisks whose side is specified in integer parameter side. For example, if side is 4, the method should display

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(Displaying a Square of Any Character) Modify the method created in Exercise 6.18 to receive a second parameter of type char called fillCharacter. Form the square using the char provided as an argument. Thus, if side is 5 and fillCharacter is #, the method should display

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char fill = input.next().charAt( 0 );

(Circle Area) Write an application that prompts the user for the radius of a circle and uses a method called circleArea to calculate the area of the circle.

(Separating Digits) Write methods that accomplish each of the following tasks:

(Temperature Conversions) Implement the following integer methods:

(Find the Minimum) Write a method minimum3 that returns the smallest of three floating-point numbers. Use the Math.min method to implement minimum3. Incorporate the method into an application that reads three values from the user, determines the smallest value and displays the result.

(Perfect Numbers) An integer number is said to be a perfect number if its factors, including 1 (but not the number itself), sum to the number. For example, 6 is a perfect number, because 6 = 1 + 2 + 3. Write a method isPerfect that determines if parameter number is a perfect number. Use this method in an application that displays all the perfect numbers between 1 and 1000. Display the factors of each perfect number to confirm that the number is indeed perfect. Challenge the computing power of your computer by testing numbers much larger than 1000. Display the results.

(Prime Numbers) A positive integer is prime if it’s divisible by only 1 and itself. For example, 2, 3, 5 and 7 are prime, but 4, 6, 8 and 9 are not. The number 1, by definition, is not prime.

(Reversing Digits) Write a method that takes an integer value and returns the number with its digits reversed. For example, given the number 7631, the method should return 1367. Incorporate the method into an application that reads a value from the user and displays the result.

(Greatest Common Divisor) The greatest common divisor (GCD) of two integers is the largest integer that evenly divides each of the two numbers. Write a method gcd that returns the greatest common divisor of two integers. [Hint: You might want to use Euclid’s algorithm. You can find information about it at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm.] Incorporate the method into an application that reads two values from the user and displays the result.

(Coin Tossing) Write an application that simulates coin tossing. Let the program toss a coin each time the user chooses the “Toss Coin” menu option. Count the number of times each side of the coin appears. Display the results. The program should call a separate method flip that takes no arguments and returns a value from a Coin enum (HEADS and TAILS). [Note: If the program realistically simulates coin tossing, each side of the coin should appear approximately half the time.]

(Guess the Number) Write an application that plays “guess the number” as follows: Your program chooses the number to be guessed by selecting a random integer in the range 1 to 1000. The application displays the prompt Guess a number between 1 and 1000. The player inputs a first guess. If the player’s guess is incorrect, your program should display Too high. Try again. or Too low. Try again. to help the player “zero in” on the correct answer. The program should prompt the user for the next guess. When the user enters the correct answer, display Congratulations. You guessed the number!, and allow the user to choose whether to play again. [Note: The guessing technique employed in this problem is similar to a binary search, which is discussed in Chapter 19, Searching, Sorting and Big O.]

(Guess the Number Modification) Modify the program of Exercise 6.30 to count the number of guesses the player makes. If the number is 10 or fewer, display Either you know the secret or you got lucky! If the player guesses the number in 10 tries, display Aha! You know the secret! If the player makes more than 10 guesses, display You should be able to do better! Why should it take no more than 10 guesses? Well, with each “good guess,” the player should be able to eliminate half of the numbers, then half of the remaining numbers, and so on.

(Distance Between Points) Write method distance to calculate the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). All numbers and return values should be of type double. Incorporate this method into an application that enables the user to enter the coordinates of the points.

(Craps Game Modification) Modify the craps program of Fig. 6.8 to allow wagering. Initialize variable bankBalance to 1000 dollars. Prompt the player to enter a wager. Check that wager is less than or equal to bankBalance, and if it’s not, have the user reenter wager until a valid wager is entered. Then, run one game of craps. If the player wins, increase bankBalance by wager and display the new bankBalance. If the player loses, decrease bankBalance by wager, display the new bankBalance, check whether bankBalance has become zero and, if so, display the message "Sorry. You busted!" As the game progresses, display various messages to create some “chatter,” such as "Oh, you're going for broke, huh?" or "Aw c'mon, take a chance!" or "You're up big. Now's the time to cash in your chips!". Implement the “chatter” as a separate method that randomly chooses the string to display.

(Table of Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers) Write an application that displays a table of the binary, octal and hexadecimal equivalents of the decimal numbers in the range 1 through 256. If you aren’t familiar with these number systems, read Appendix H first.