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    The Linux Programming Interface

    • The Linux Programming Interface

    • By:

    • Publisher: No Starch Press

    • Pub. Date:

    • Print ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-220-3

    • Pages in Print Edition: 1552

    • Subscriber Rating: 4.764705882352941 out of 5 rating4.764705882352941 [17 Ratings] Subscriber Reviews

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    Overview

    The Linux Programming Interface describes the Linux API (application programming interface)—the system calls, library functions, and other low-level interfaces that are used, directly or indirectly, by every program that runs on Linux.

    Subscriber Reviews

    Average Rating: 4.764705882352941 out of 5 rating Based on 17 Ratings

    "lead" - by Tarun on 15-NOV-2011
    Reviewer Rating: 1 star rating2 star rating3 star rating4 star rating5 star rating
    Excellent book, which covered all aspect of kernal, memory, and common Linux os concepts. Any one can refer this book; beginner as well expert.
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    Table of Contents

     Index

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    Copyright

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    Praise for The Linux Programming Interface

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    Dedication

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    Preface

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    1 Token    Chapter 1. History and Standards
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    Section 1.1. A Brief History of UNIX and C

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    Section 1.2. A Brief History of Linux

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    Section 1.3. Standardization

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    Section 1.4. Summary

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    1 Token    Chapter 2. Fundamental Concepts
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    Section 2.1. The Core Operating System: The Kernel

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    Section 2.2. The Shell

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    Section 2.3. Users and Groups

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    Section 2.4. Single Directory Hierarchy, Directories, Links, and Files

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    Section 2.5. File I/O Model

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    Section 2.6. Programs

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    Section 2.7. Processes

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    Section 2.8. Memory Mappings

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    Section 2.9. Static and Shared Libraries

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    Section 2.10. Interprocess Communication and Synchronization

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    Section 2.11. Signals

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    Section 2.12. Threads

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    Section 2.13. Process Groups and Shell Job Control

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    Section 2.14. Sessions, Controlling Terminals, and Controlling Processes

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    Section 2.15. Pseudoterminals

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    Section 2.16. Date and Time

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    Section 2.17. Client-Server Architecture

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    Section 2.18. Realtime

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    Section 2.19. The /proc File System

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    Section 2.20. Summary

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    1 Token    Chapter 3. System Programming Concepts
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    Section 3.1. System Calls

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    Section 3.2. Library Functions

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    Section 3.3. The Standard C Library; The GNU C Library (glibc)

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    Section 3.4. Handling Errors from System Calls and Library Functions

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    Section 3.5. Notes on the Example Programs in This Book

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    Section 3.6. Portability Issues

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    Section 3.7. Summary

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    Section 3.8. Exercise

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    Chapter 4. File I/O: The Universal I/O Model
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    Section 4.1. Overview

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    Section 4.2. Universality of I/O

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    Section 4.3. Opening a File: open()

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    Section 4.4. Reading from a File: read()

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    Section 4.5. Writing to a File: write()

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    Section 4.6. Closing a File: close()

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    Section 4.7. Changing the File Offset: lseek()

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    Section 4.8. Operations Outside the Universal I/O Model: ioctl()

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    Section 4.9. Summary

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    Section 4.10. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 5. File I/O: Further Details
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    Section 5.1. Atomicity and Race Conditions

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    Section 5.2. File Control Operations: fcntl()

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    Section 5.3. Open File Status Flags

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    Section 5.4. Relationship Between File Descriptors and Open Files

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    Section 5.5. Duplicating File Descriptors

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    Section 5.6. File I/O at a Specified Offset: pread() and pwrite()

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    Section 5.7. Scatter-Gather I/O: readv() and writev()

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    Section 5.8. Truncating a File: truncate() and ftruncate()

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    Section 5.9. Nonblocking I/O

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    Section 5.10. I/O on Large Files

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    Section 5.11. The /dev/fd Directory

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    Section 5.12. Creating Temporary Files

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    Section 5.13. Summary

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    Section 5.14. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 6. Processes
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    Section 6.1. Processes and Programs

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    Section 6.2. Process ID and Parent Process ID

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    Section 6.3. Memory Layout of a Process

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    Section 6.4. Virtual Memory Management

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    Section 6.5. The Stack and Stack Frames

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    Section 6.6. Command-Line Arguments (argc, argv)

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    Section 6.7. Environment List

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    Section 6.8. Performing a Nonlocal Goto: setjmp() and long jmp()

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    Section 6.9. Summary

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    Section 6.10. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 7. Memory Allocation
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    Section 7.1. Allocating Memory on the Heap

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    Section 7.2. Allocating Memory on the Stack: alloca()

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    Section 7.3. Summary

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    Section 7.4. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 8. Users and Groups
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    Section 8.1. The Password File: /etc/passwd

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    Section 8.2. The Shadow Password File: /etc/shadow

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    Section 8.3. The Group File: /etc/group

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    Section 8.4. Retrieving User and Group Information

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    Section 8.5. Password Encryption and User Authentication

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    Section 8.6. Summary

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    Section 8.7. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 9. Process Credentials
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    Section 9.1. Real User ID and Real Group ID

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    Section 9.2. Effective User ID and Effective Group ID

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    Section 9.3. Set-User-ID and Set-Group-ID Programs

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    Section 9.4. Saved Set-User-ID and Saved Set-Group-ID

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    Section 9.5. File-System User ID and File-System Group ID

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    Section 9.6. Supplementary Group IDs

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    Section 9.7. Retrieving and Modifying Process Credentials

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    Section 9.8. Summary

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    Section 9.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 10. Time
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    Section 10.1. Calendar Time

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    Section 10.2. Time-Conversion Functions

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    Section 10.3. Timezones

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    Section 10.4. Locales

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    Section 10.5. Updating the System Clock

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    Section 10.6. The Software Clock (Jiffies)

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    Section 10.7. Process Time

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    Section 10.8. Summary

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    Section 10.9. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 11. System Limits and Options
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    Section 11.1. System Limits

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    Section 11.2. Retrieving System Limits (and Options) at Run Time

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    Section 11.3. Retrieving File-Related Limits (and Options) at Run Time

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    Section 11.4. Indeterminate Limits

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    Section 11.5. System Options

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    Section 11.6. Summary

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    Section 11.7. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 12. System and Process Information
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    Section 12.1. The /proc File System

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    Section 12.2. System Identification: uname()

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    Section 12.3. Summary

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    Section 12.4. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 13. File I/O Buffering
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    Section 13.1. Kernel Buffering of File I/O: The Buffer Cache

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    Section 13.2. Buffering in the stdio Library

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    Section 13.3. Controlling Kernel Buffering of File I/O

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    Section 13.4. Summary of I/O Buffering

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    Section 13.5. Advising the Kernel About I/O Patterns

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    Section 13.6. Bypassing the Buffer Cache: Direct I/O

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    Section 13.7. Mixing Library Functions and System Calls for File I/O

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    Section 13.8. Summary

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    Section 13.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 14. File Systems
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    Section 14.1. Device Special Files (Devices)

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    Section 14.2. Disks and Partitions

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    Section 14.3. File Systems

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    Section 14.4. I-nodes

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    Section 14.5. The Virtual File System (VFS)

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    Section 14.6. Journaling File Systems

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    Section 14.7. Single Directory Hierarchy and Mount Points

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    Section 14.8. Mounting and Unmounting File Systems

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    Section 14.9. Advanced Mount Features

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    Section 14.10. A Virtual Memory File System: tmpfs

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    Section 14.11. Obtaining Information About a File System: statvfs()

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    Section 14.12. Summary

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    Section 14.13. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 15. File Attributes
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    Section 15.1. Retrieving File Information: stat()

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    Section 15.2. File Timestamps

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    Section 15.3. File Ownership

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    Section 15.4. File Permissions

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    Section 15.5. I-node Flags (ext2 Extended File Attributes)

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    Section 15.6. Summary

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    Section 15.7. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 16. Extended Attributes
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    Section 16.1. Overview

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    Section 16.2. Extended Attribute Implementation Details

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    Section 16.3. System Calls for Manipulating Extended Attributes

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    Section 16.4. Summary

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    Section 16.5. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 17. Access Control Lists
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    Section 17.1. Overview

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    Section 17.2. ACL Permission-Checking Algorithm

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    Section 17.3. Long and Short Text Forms for ACLs

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    Section 17.4. The ACL_MASK Entry and the ACL Group Class

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    Section 17.5. The getfacl and setfacl Commands

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    Section 17.6. Default ACLs and File Creation

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    Section 17.7. ACL Implementation Limits

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    Section 17.8. The ACL API

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    Section 17.9. Summary

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    Section 17.10. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 18. Directories and Links
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    Section 18.1. Directories and (Hard) Links

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    Section 18.2. Symbolic (Soft) Links

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    Section 18.3. Creating and Removing (Hard) Links: link() and unlink()

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    Section 18.4. Changing the Name of a File: rename()

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    Section 18.5. Working with Symbolic Links: symlink() and readlink()

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    Section 18.6. Creating and Removing Directories: mkdir() and rmdir()

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    Section 18.7. Removing a File or Directory: remove()

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    Section 18.8. Reading Directories: opendir() and readdir()

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    Section 18.9. File Tree Walking: nftw()

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    Section 18.10. The Current Working Directory of a Process

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    Section 18.11. Operating Relative to a Directory File Descriptor

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    Section 18.12. Changing the Root Directory of a Process: chroot()

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    Section 18.13. Resolving a Pathname: realpath()

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    Section 18.14. Parsing Pathname Strings: dirname() and basename()

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    Section 18.15. Summary

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    Section 18.16. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 19. Monitoring File Events
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    Section 19.1. Overview

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    Section 19.2. The inotify API

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    Section 19.3. inotify Events

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    Section 19.4. Reading inotify Events

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    Section 19.5. Queue Limits and /proc Files

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    Section 19.6. An Older System for Monitoring File Events: dnotify

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    Section 19.7. Summary

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    Section 19.8. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 20. Signals: Fundamental Concepts
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    Section 20.1. Concepts and Overview

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    Section 20.2. Signal Types and Default Actions

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    Section 20.3. Changing Signal Dispositions: signal()

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    Section 20.4. Introduction to Signal Handlers

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    Section 20.5. Sending Signals: kill()

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    Section 20.6. Checking for the Existence of a Process

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    Section 20.7. Other Ways of Sending Signals: raise() and killpg()

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    Section 20.8. Displaying Signal Descriptions

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    Section 20.9. Signal Sets

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    Section 20.10. The Signal Mask (Blocking Signal Delivery)

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    Section 20.11. Pending Signals

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    Section 20.12. Signals Are Not Queued

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    Section 20.13. Changing Signal Dispositions: sigaction()

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    Section 20.14. Waiting for a Signal: pause()

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    Section 20.15. Summary

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    Section 20.16. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 21. Signals: Signal Handlers
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    Section 21.1. Designing Signal Handlers

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    Section 21.2. Other Methods of Terminating a Signal Handler

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    Section 21.3. Handling a Signal on an Alternate Stack: sigaltstack()

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    Section 21.4. The SA_SIGINFO Flag

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    Section 21.5. Interruption and Restarting of System Calls

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    Section 21.6. Summary

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    Section 21.7. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 22. Signals: Advanced Features
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    Section 22.1. Core Dump Files

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    Section 22.2. Special Cases for Delivery, Disposition, and Handling

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    Section 22.3. Interruptible and Uninterruptible Process Sleep States

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    Section 22.4. Hardware-Generated Signals

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    Section 22.5. Synchronous and Asynchronous Signal Generation

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    Section 22.6. Timing and Order of Signal Delivery

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    Section 22.7. Implementation and Portability of signal()

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    Section 22.8. Realtime Signals

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    Section 22.9. Waiting for a Signal Using a Mask: sigsuspend()

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    Section 22.10. Synchronously Waiting for a Signal

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    Section 22.11. Fetching Signals via a File Descriptor

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    Section 22.12. Interprocess Communication with Signals

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    Section 22.13. Earlier Signal APIs (System V and BSD)

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    Section 22.14. Summary

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    Section 22.15. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 23. Timers and Sleeping
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    Section 23.1. Interval Timers

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    Section 23.2. Scheduling and Accuracy of Timers

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    Section 23.3. Setting Timeouts on Blocking Operations

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    Section 23.4. Suspending Execution for a Fixed Interval (Sleeping)

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    Section 23.5. POSIX Clocks

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    Section 23.6. POSIX Interval Timers

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    Section 23.7. Timers That Notify via File Descriptors: The timerfd API

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    Section 23.8. Summary

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    Section 23.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 24. Process Creation
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    Section 24.1. Overview of fork(), exit(), wait(), and execve()

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    Section 24.2. Creating a New Process: fork()

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    Section 24.3. The vfork() System Call

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    Section 24.4. Race Conditions After fork()

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    Section 24.5. Avoiding Race Conditions by Synchronizing with Signals

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    Section 24.6. Summary

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    Section 24.7. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 25. Process Termination
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    Section 25.1. Terminating a Process: _exit() and exit()

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    Section 25.2. Details of Process Termination

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    Section 25.3. Exit Handlers

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    Section 25.4. Interactions Between fork(), stdio Buffers, and _exit()

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    Section 25.5. Summary

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    Section 25.6. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 26. Monitoring Child Processes
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    Section 26.1. Waiting on a Child Process

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    Section 26.2. Orphans and Zombies

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    Section 26.3. The SIGCHLD Signal

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    Section 26.4. Summary

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    Section 26.5. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 27. Program Execution
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    Section 27.1. Executing a New Program: execve()

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    Section 27.2. The exec() Library Functions

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    Section 27.3. Interpreter Scripts

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    Section 27.4. File Descriptors and exec()

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    Section 27.5. Signals and exec()

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    Section 27.6. Executing a Shell Command: system()

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    Section 27.7. Implementing system()

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    Section 27.8. Summary

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    Section 27.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 28. Process Creation and Program Execution in More Detail
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    Section 28.1. Process Accounting

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    Section 28.2. The clone() System Call

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    Section 28.3. Speed of Process Creation

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    Section 28.4. Effect of exec() and fork() on Process Attributes

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    Section 28.5. Summary

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    Section 28.6. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 29. Threads: Introduction
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    Section 29.1. Overview

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    Section 29.2. Background Details of the Pthreads API

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    Section 29.3. Thread Creation

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    Section 29.4. Thread Termination

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    Section 29.5. Thread IDs

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    Section 29.6. Joining with a Terminated Thread

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    Section 29.7. Detaching a Thread

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    Section 29.8. Thread Attributes

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    Section 29.9. Threads Versus Processes

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    Section 29.10. Summary

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    Section 29.11. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 30. Threads: Thread Synchronization
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    Section 30.1. Protecting Accesses to Shared Variables: Mutexes

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    Section 30.2. Signaling Changes of State: Condition Variables

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    Section 30.3. Summary

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    Section 30.4. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 31. Threads: Thread Safety and Per-Thread Storage
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    Section 31.1. Thread Safety (and Reentrancy Revisited)

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    Section 31.2. One-Time Initialization

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    Section 31.3. Thread-Specific Data

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    Section 31.4. Thread-Local Storage

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    Section 31.5. Summary

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    Section 31.6. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 32. Threads: Thread Cancellation
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    Section 32.1. Canceling a Thread

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    Section 32.2. Cancellation State and Type

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    Section 32.3. Cancellation Points

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    Section 32.4. Testing for Thread Cancellation

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    Section 32.5. Cleanup Handlers

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    Section 32.6. Asynchronous Cancelability

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    Section 32.7. Summary

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    1 Token    Chapter 33. Threads: Further Details
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    Section 33.1. Thread Stacks

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    Section 33.2. Threads and Signals

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    Section 33.3. Threads and Process Control

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    Section 33.4. Thread Implementation Models

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    Section 33.5. Linux Implementations of POSIX Threads

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    Section 33.6. Advanced Features of the Pthreads API

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    Section 33.7. Summary

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    Section 33.8. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 34. Process Groups, Sessions, and Job Control
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    Section 34.1. Overview

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    Section 34.2. Process Groups

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    Section 34.3. Sessions

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    Section 34.4. Controlling Terminals and Controlling Processes

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    Section 34.5. Foreground and Background Process Groups

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    Section 34.6. The SIGHUP Signal

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    Section 34.7. Job Control

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    Section 34.8. Summary

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    Section 34.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 35. Process Priorities and Scheduling
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    Section 35.1. Process Priorities (Nice Values)

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    Section 35.2. Overview of Realtime Process Scheduling

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    Section 35.3. Realtime Process Scheduling API

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    Section 35.4. CPU Affinity

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    Section 35.5. Summary

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    Section 35.6. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 36. Process Resources
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    Section 36.1. Process Resource Usage

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    Section 36.2. Process Resource Limits

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    Section 36.3. Details of Specific Resource Limits

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    Section 36.4. Summary

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    Section 36.5. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 37. Daemons
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    Section 37.1. Overview

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    Section 37.2. Creating a Daemon

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    Section 37.3. Guidelines for Writing Daemons

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    Section 37.4. Using SIGHUP to Reinitialize a Daemon

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    Section 37.5. Logging Messages and Errors Using syslog

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    Section 37.6. Summary

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    Section 37.7. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 38. Writing Secure Privileged Programs
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    Section 38.1. Is a Set-User-ID or Set-Group-ID Program Required?

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    Section 38.2. Operate with Least Privilege

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    Section 38.3. Be Careful When Executing a Program

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    Section 38.4. Avoid Exposing Sensitive Information

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    Section 38.5. Confine the Process

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    Section 38.6. Beware of Signals and Race Conditions

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    Section 38.7. Pitfalls When Performing File Operations and File I/O

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    Section 38.8. Don't Trust Inputs or the Environment

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    Section 38.9. Beware of Buffer Overruns

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    Section 38.10. Beware of Denial-of-Service Attacks

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    Section 38.11. Check Return Statuses and Fail Safely

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    Section 38.12. Summary

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    Section 38.13. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 39. Capabilities
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    Section 39.1. Rationale for Capabilities

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    Section 39.2. The Linux Capabilities

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    Section 39.3. Process and File Capabilities

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    Section 39.4. The Modern Capabilities Implementation

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    Section 39.5. Transformation of Process Capabilities During exec()

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    Section 39.6. Effect on Process Capabilities of Changing User IDs

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    Section 39.7. Changing Process Capabilities Programmatically

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    Section 39.8. Creating Capabilities-Only Environments

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    Section 39.9. Discovering the Capabilities Required by a Program

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    Section 39.10. Older Kernels and Systems Without File Capabilities

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    Section 39.11. Summary

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    Section 39.12. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 40. Login Accounting
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    Section 40.1. Overview of the utmp and wtmp Files

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    Section 40.2. The utmpx API

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    Section 40.3. The utmpx Structure

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    Section 40.4. Retrieving Information from the utmp and wtmp Files

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    Section 40.5. Retrieving the Login Name: getlogin()

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    Section 40.6. Updating the utmp and wtmp Files for a Login Session

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    Section 40.7. The lastlog File

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    Section 40.8. Summary

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    Section 40.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 41. Fundamentals of Shared Libraries
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    Section 41.1. Object Libraries

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    Section 41.2. Static Libraries

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    Section 41.3. Overview of Shared Libraries

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    Section 41.4. Creating and Using Shared Libraries—A First Pass

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    Section 41.5. Useful Tools for Working with Shared Libraries

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    Section 41.6. Shared Library Versions and Naming Conventions

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    Section 41.7. Installing Shared Libraries

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    Section 41.8. Compatible Versus Incompatible Libraries

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    Section 41.9. Upgrading Shared Libraries

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    Section 41.10. Specifying Library Search Directories in an Object File

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    Section 41.11. Finding Shared Libraries at Run Time

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    Section 41.12. Run-Time Symbol Resolution

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    Section 41.13. Using a Static Library Instead of a Shared Library

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    Section 41.14. Summary

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    Section 41.15. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 42. Advanced Features of Shared Libraries
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    Section 42.1. Dynamically Loaded Libraries

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    Section 42.2. Controlling Symbol Visibility

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    Section 42.3. Linker Version Scripts

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    Section 42.4. Initialization and Finalization Functions

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    Section 42.5. Preloading Shared Libraries

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    Section 42.6. Monitoring the Dynamic Linker: LD_DEBUG

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    Section 42.7. Summary

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    Section 42.8. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 43. Interprocess Communication Overview
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    Section 43.1. A Taxonomy of IPC Facilities

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    Section 43.2. Communication Facilities

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    Section 43.3. Synchronization Facilities

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    Section 43.4. Comparing IPC Facilities

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    Section 43.5. Summary

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    Section 43.6. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 44. Pipes and FIFOs
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    Section 44.1. Overview

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    Section 44.2. Creating and Using Pipes

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    Section 44.3. Pipes as a Method of Process Synchronization

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    Section 44.4. Using Pipes to Connect Filters

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    Section 44.5. Talking to a Shell Command via a Pipe: popen()

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    Section 44.6. Pipes and stdio Buffering

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    Section 44.7. FIFOs

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    Section 44.8. A Client-Server Application Using FIFOs

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    Section 44.9. Nonblocking I/O

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    Section 44.10. Semantics of read() and write() on Pipes and FIFOs

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    Section 44.11. Summary

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    Section 44.12. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 45. Introduction to System V IPC
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    Section 45.1. API Overview

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    Section 45.2. IPC Keys

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    Section 45.3. Associated Data Structure and Object Permissions

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    Section 45.4. IPC Identifiers and Client-Server Applications

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    Section 45.5. Algorithm Employed by System V IPC get Calls

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    Section 45.6. The ipcs and ipcrm Commands

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    Section 45.7. Obtaining a List of All IPC Objects

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    Section 45.8. IPC Limits

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    Section 45.9. Summary

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    Section 45.10. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 46. System V Message Queues
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    Section 46.1. Creating or Opening a Message Queue

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    Section 46.2. Exchanging Messages

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    Section 46.3. Message Queue Control Operations

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    Section 46.4. Message Queue Associated Data Structure

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    Section 46.5. Message Queue Limits

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    Section 46.6. Displaying All Message Queues on the System

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    Section 46.7. Client-Server Programming with Message Queues

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    Section 46.8. A File-Server Application Using Message Queues

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    Section 46.9. Disadvantages of System V Message Queues

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    Section 46.10. Summary

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    Section 46.11. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 47. System V Semaphores
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    Section 47.1. Overview

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    Section 47.2. Creating or Opening a Semaphore Set

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    Section 47.3. Semaphore Control Operations

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    Section 47.4. Semaphore Associated Data Structure

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    Section 47.5. Semaphore Initialization

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    Section 47.6. Semaphore Operations

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    Section 47.7. Handling of Multiple Blocked Semaphore Operations

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    Section 47.8. Semaphore Undo Values

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    Section 47.9. Implementing a Binary Semaphores Protocol

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    Section 47.10. Semaphore Limits

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    Section 47.11. Disadvantages of System V Semaphores

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    Section 47.12. Summary

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    Section 47.13. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 48. System V Shared Memory
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    Section 48.1. Overview

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    Section 48.2. Creating or Opening a Shared Memory Segment

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    Section 48.3. Using Shared Memory

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    Section 48.4. Example: Transferring Data via Shared Memory

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    Section 48.5. Location of Shared Memory in Virtual Memory

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    Section 48.6. Storing Pointers in Shared Memory

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    Section 48.7. Shared Memory Control Operations

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    Section 48.8. Shared Memory Associated Data Structure

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    Section 48.9. Shared Memory Limits

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    Section 48.10. Summary

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    Section 48.11. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 49. Memory Mappings
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    Section 49.1. Overview

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    Section 49.2. Creating a Mapping: mmap()

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    Section 49.3. Unmapping a Mapped Region: munmap()

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    Section 49.4. File Mappings

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    Section 49.5. Synchronizing a Mapped Region: msync()

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    Section 49.6. Additional mmap() Flags

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    Section 49.7. Anonymous Mappings

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    Section 49.8. Remapping a Mapped Region: mremap()

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    Section 49.9. MAP_NORESERVE and Swap Space Overcommitting

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    Section 49.10. The MAP_FIXED Flag

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    Section 49.11. Nonlinear Mappings: remap_file_pages()

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    Section 49.12. Summary

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    Section 49.13. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 50. Virtual Memory Operations
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    Section 50.1. Changing Memory Protection: mprotect()

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    Section 50.2. Memory Locking: mlock() and mlockall()

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    Section 50.3. Determining Memory Residence: mincore()

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    Section 50.4. Advising Future Memory Usage Patterns: madvise()

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    Section 50.5. Summary

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    Section 50.6. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 51. Introduction to POSIX IPC
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    Section 51.1. API Overview

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    Section 51.2. Comparison of System V IPC and POSIX IPC

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    Section 51.3. Summary

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    1 Token    Chapter 52. POSIX Message Queues
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    Section 52.1. Overview

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    Section 52.2. Opening, Closing, and Unlinking a Message Queue

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    Section 52.3. Relationship Between Descriptors and Message Queues

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    Section 52.4. Message Queue Attributes

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    Section 52.5. Exchanging Messages

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    Section 52.6. Message Notification

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    Section 52.7. Linux-Specific Features

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    Section 52.8. Message Queue Limits

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    Section 52.9. Comparison of POSIX and System V Message Queues

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    Section 52.10. Summary

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    Section 52.11. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 53. POSIX Semaphores
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    Section 53.1. Overview

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    Section 53.2. Named Semaphores

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    Section 53.3. Semaphore Operations

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    Section 53.4. Unnamed Semaphores

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    Section 53.5. Comparisons with Other Synchronization Techniques

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    Section 53.6. Semaphore Limits

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    Section 53.7. Summary

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    Section 53.8. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 54. POSIX Shared Memory
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    Section 54.1. Overview

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    Section 54.2. Creating Shared Memory Objects

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    Section 54.3. Using Shared Memory Objects

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    Section 54.4. Removing Shared Memory Objects

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    Section 54.5. Comparisons Between Shared Memory APIs

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    Section 54.6. Summary

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    Section 54.7. Exercise

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    1 Token    Chapter 55. File Locking
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    Section 55.1. Overview

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    Section 55.2. File Locking with flock()

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    Section 55.3. Record Locking with fcntl()

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    Section 55.4. Mandatory Locking

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    Section 55.5. The /proc/locks File

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    Section 55.6. Running Just One Instance of a Program

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    Section 55.7. Older Locking Techniques

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    Section 55.8. Summary

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    Section 55.9. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 56. Sockets: Introduction
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    Section 56.1. Overview

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    Section 56.2. Creating a Socket: socket()

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    Section 56.3. Binding a Socket to an Address: bind()

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    Section 56.4. Generic Socket Address Structures: struct sockaddr

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    Section 56.5. Stream Sockets

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    Section 56.6. Datagram Sockets

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    Section 56.7. Summary

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    1 Token    Chapter 57. Sockets: UNIX Domain
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    Section 57.1. UNIX Domain Socket Addresses: struct sockaddr_un

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    Section 57.2. Stream Sockets in the UNIX Domain

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    Section 57.3. Datagram Sockets in the UNIX Domain

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    Section 57.4. UNIX Domain Socket Permissions

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    Section 57.5. Creating a Connected Socket Pair: socketpair()

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    Section 57.6. The Linux Abstract Socket Namespace

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    Section 57.7. Summary

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    Section 57.8. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 58. Sockets: Fundamentals of TCP/IP Networks
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    Section 58.1. Internets

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    Section 58.2. Networking Protocols and Layers

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    Section 58.3. The Data-Link Layer

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    Section 58.4. The Network Layer: IP

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    Section 58.5. IP Addresses

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    Section 58.6. The Transport Layer

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    Section 58.7. Requests for Comments (RFCs)

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    Section 58.8. Summary

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    1 Token    Chapter 59. Sockets: Internet Domains
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    Section 59.1. Internet Domain Sockets

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    Section 59.2. Network Byte Order

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    Section 59.3. Data Representation

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    Section 59.4. Internet Socket Addresses

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    Section 59.5. Overview of Host and Service Conversion Functions

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    Section 59.6. The inet_pton() and inet_ntop() Functions

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    Section 59.7. Client-Server Example (Datagram Sockets)

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    Section 59.8. Domain Name System (DNS)

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    Section 59.9. The /etc/services File

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    Section 59.10. Protocol-Independent Host and Service Conversion

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    Section 59.11. Client-Server Example (Stream Sockets)

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    Section 59.12. An Internet Domain Sockets Library

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    Section 59.13. Obsolete APIs for Host and Service Conversions

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    Section 59.14. UNIX Versus Internet Domain Sockets

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    Section 59.15. Further Information

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    Section 59.16. Summary

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    Section 59.17. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 60. Sockets: Server Design
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    Section 60.1. Iterative and Concurrent Servers

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    Section 60.2. An Iterative UDP echo Server

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    Section 60.3. A Concurrent TCP echo Server

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    Section 60.4. Other Concurrent Server Designs

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    Section 60.5. The inetd (Internet Superserver) Daemon

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    Section 60.6. Summary

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    Section 60.7. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 61. Sockets: Advanced Topics
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    Section 61.1. Partial Reads and Writes on Stream Sockets

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    Section 61.2. The shutdown() System Call

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    Section 61.3. Socket-Specific I/O System Calls: recv() and send()

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    Section 61.4. The sendfile() System Call

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    Section 61.5. Retrieving Socket Addresses

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    Section 61.6. A Closer Look at TCP

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    Section 61.7. Monitoring Sockets: netstat

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    Section 61.8. Using tcpdump to Monitor TCP Traffic

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    Section 61.9. Socket Options

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    Section 61.10. The SO_REUSEADDR Socket Option

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    Section 61.11. Inheritance of Flags and Options Across accept()

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    Section 61.12. TCP Versus UDP

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    Section 61.13. Advanced Features

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    Section 61.14. Summary

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    Section 61.15. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 62. Terminals
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    Section 62.1. Overview

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    Section 62.2. Retrieving and Modifying Terminal Attributes

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    Section 62.3. The stty Command

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    Section 62.4. Terminal Special Characters

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    Section 62.5. Terminal Flags

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    Section 62.6. Terminal I/O Modes

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    Section 62.7. Terminal Line Speed (Bit Rate)

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    Section 62.8. Terminal Line Control

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    Section 62.9. Terminal Window Size

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    Section 62.10. Terminal Identification

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    Section 62.11. Summary

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    Section 62.12. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 63. Alternative I/O Models
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    Section 63.1. Overview

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    Section 63.2. I/O Multiplexing

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    Section 63.3. Signal-Driven I/O

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    Section 63.4. The epoll API

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    Section 63.5. Waiting on Signals and File Descriptors

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    Section 63.6. Summary

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    Section 63.7. Exercises

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    1 Token    Chapter 64. Pseudoterminals
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    Section 64.1. Overview

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    Section 64.2. UNIX 98 Pseudoterminals

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    Section 64.3. Opening a Master: ptyMasterOpen()

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    Section 64.4. Connecting Processes with a Pseudoterminal: ptyFork()

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    Section 64.5. Pseudoterminal I/O

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    Section 64.6. Implementing script(1)

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    Section 64.7. Terminal Attributes and Window Size

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    Section 64.8. BSD Pseudoterminals

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    Section 64.9. Summary

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    Section 64.10. Exercises

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    1 Token    Appendix A. Tracing System Calls

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    1 Token    Appendix B. Parsing Command-Line Options
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    Section B.1. 

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    1 Token    Appendix C. Casting the NULL Pointer

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    1 Token    Appendix D. Kernel Configuration

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    1 Token    Appendix E. Further Sources of Information
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    Section E.1. 

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    1 Token    Appendix F. Solutions to Selected Exercises
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    Section F.1. 

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    Bibliography
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    1 Token    Appendix G. Updates

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    0 Tokens    Colophon

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