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The Linux Programming Interface

The Linux Programming Interface

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Contents

Praise for The Linux Programming Interface

Ch. 1. History and Standards

Ch. 2. Fundamental Concepts

The Core Operating System: The Kernel

Users and Groups

Single Directory Hierarchy, Directories, Links, and Files

Memory Mappings

Static and Shared Libraries

Interprocess Communication and Synchronization

Process Groups and Shell Job Control

Sessions, Controlling Terminals, and Controlling Processes

Pseudoterminals

Client-Server Architecture

The /proc File System

Ch. 3. System Programming Concepts

Ch. 4. File I/O: The Universal I/O Model

Ch. 5. File I/O: Further Details

Ch. 6. Processes

Ch. 7. Memory Allocation

Ch. 8. Users and Groups

Ch. 9. Process Credentials

Ch. 11. System Limits and Options

Ch. 12. System and Process Information

Ch. 13. File I/O Buffering

Ch. 14. File Systems

Ch. 15. File Attributes

Ch. 16. Extended Attributes

Ch. 17. Access Control Lists

Ch. 18. Directories and Links

Ch. 19. Monitoring File Events

Ch. 20. Signals: Fundamental Concepts

Ch. 21. Signals: Signal Handlers

Ch. 22. Signals: Advanced Features

Ch. 23. Timers and Sleeping

Ch. 24. Process Creation

Ch. 25. Process Termination

Ch. 26. Monitoring Child Processes

Ch. 27. Program Execution

Ch. 28. Process Creation and Program Execution in More Detail

Ch. 29. Threads: Introduction

Ch. 30. Threads: Thread Synchronization

Ch. 31. Threads: Thread Safety and Per-Thread Storage

Ch. 32. Threads: Thread Cancellation

Ch. 33. Threads: Further Details

Ch. 34. Process Groups, Sessions, and Job Control

Ch. 35. Process Priorities and Scheduling

Ch. 36. Process Resources

Ch. 37. Daemons

Ch. 38. Writing Secure Privileged Programs

Ch. 39. Capabilities

Ch. 40. Login Accounting

Ch. 41. Fundamentals of Shared Libraries

Ch. 42. Advanced Features of Shared Libraries

Ch. 43. Interprocess Communication Overview

Ch. 44. Pipes and FIFOs

Ch. 45. Introduction to System V IPC

Ch. 46. System V Message Queues

Ch. 47. System V Semaphores

Ch. 48. System V Shared Memory

Ch. 49. Memory Mappings

Ch. 50. Virtual Memory Operations

Ch. 51. Introduction to POSIX IPC

Ch. 52. POSIX Message Queues

Ch. 53. POSIX Semaphores

Ch. 54. POSIX Shared Memory

Ch. 55. File Locking

Ch. 56. Sockets: Introduction

Ch. 57. Sockets: UNIX Domain

Ch. 58. Sockets: Fundamentals of TCP/IP Networks

Ch. 59. Sockets: Internet Domains

Ch. 60. Sockets: Server Design

Ch. 61. Sockets: Advanced Topics

Ch. 62. Terminals

Ch. 63. Alternative I/O Models

Ch. 64. Pseudoterminals

Appx. A. Tracing System Calls

Appx. B. Parsing Command-Line Options

Appx. C. Casting the NULL Pointer

Appx. D. Kernel Configuration

Appx. E. Further Sources of Information

Appx. F. Solutions to Selected Exercises

Appx. G. Updates

URL

Help

2.3. Users and Groups

Each user on the system is uniquely identified, and users may belong to groups.

2.3.1.

2.3.1.1. Users

Every user of the system has a unique login name (username) and a corresponding numeric user ID (UID). For each user, these are defined by a line in the system password file, /etc/passwd, which includes the following additional information:

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