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The MVC Framework uses a system called model binding to create C# objects from HTTP requests in order to pass them as parameter values to action methods. This is how MVC processes forms, for example. The framework looks at the parameters of the action method that has been targeted, and uses a model binder to get the values of the form input elements and convert them to the type of the parameter with the same name.
Model binders can create C# types from any information that is available in the request. This is one of the central features of the MVC Framework. We are going to create a custom model binder to improve our CartController class.