So far, you’ve seen ways to deal with synchronous processes, where Perl stays in charge, launches a command, (usually) waits for it to finish, then possibly grabs its output. But Perl can also launch a child process that stays alive, communicating^[376] to Perl on an ongoing basis until the task is complete.

The syntax for launching a concurrent (parallel) child process is to put the command as the “filename” for an open call, and either precede or follow the command with a vertical bar, which is the “pipe” character. For that reason, this is often called a piped open. In the two-argument form, the pipe goes before or after the command that you want to run:

open DATE, 'date|' or die "cannot pipe from date: $!";
open MAIL, '|mail merlyn' or die "cannot pipe to mail: $!";