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    Title Page
    Contents at a Glance
    Contents
    About the Authors
    About the Technical Reviewer
    Introduction
    CHAPTER 1: Overview of PHP Data Types and Concepts
    CHAPTER 2: Overview of Classes, Objects, and Interfaces
    CHAPTER 3: Performing Math Operations
    CHAPTER 4: Working with Arrays
    4-1. Creating Arrays
    4-2. Accessing Array Elements
    4-3. Creating Multidimensional Arrays
    4-4. Using Array Keys
    4-5. Initializing an Array As a Range or Sequence of Values
    Outputting Arrays
    4-6. Outputting an Array As a String
    4-7. Outputting Using array_values() and array_keys() for Backward Compatibility
    4-8. Outputting an Array As a Tree
    Adding New Elements to Arrays
    4-9. Adding an Element to the End of an Array
    4-10. Appending One Array to Another
    4-11. Comparing Arrays
    4-12. Adding an Element to the Beginning of an Array
    4-13. Inserting New Values at an Arbitrary Point in an Indexed Array
    Getting and Setting the Size of an Array
    4-14. Counting Array Elements
    4-15. Setting an Array's Size
    Traversing Arrays
    4-16. Looping Through an Associative Array Using foreach
    4-17. Looping Through a Compact Indexed Array Using for and count()
    4-18. Looping Through a Sparse Array
    Removing Elements from Arrays
    4-19. Removing the First or Last Element from an Array
    4-20. Removing One or More Arbitrary Array Elements
    4-21. Extracting a Portion of an Array
    4-22. Extracting Values from Arrays with extract()
    4-23. Extracting Values from an Array Using list()
    4-24. Combining Arrays
    4-25. Obtaining Array Keys and Values
    4-26. Working with Unique Values
    4-27. Getting and Displaying Counts of Array Values
    Finding and Working with Array Values
    4-28. Determining Whether an Element Is in an Array
    4-29. Testing for the Existence of a Key in an Array
    4-30. Obtaining Array Keys with a Given Value
    4-31. Finding the Greatest and Least Values in an Array
    4-32. Finding the Sum and Average of the Values in an Array
    Applying Functions to Arrays
    4-33. Applying Functions to Array Elements Using array_walk()
    4-34. Applying Functions to Array Elements Using array_map()
    4-35. Filtering Arrays Using array_filter()
    Sorting Arrays
    4-36. Sorting an Array by Its Values
    4-37. Sorting an Array by Its Keys
    4-38. Reversing an Array Using arsort()
    4-39. Reversing an Array Using krsort()
    4-40. Reversing an Array Using array_reverse()
    4-41. Randomizing an Array Using shuffle(), kshuffle(), and array_rand()
    4-42. Sorting an Array Using Comparison Functions
    4-43. Sorting Multidimensional Arrays
    4-44. Sorting Multiple Arrays
    Finding Permutations and Combinations
    4-45. Finding All Permutations of an Array's Elements
    4-46. Finding All Combinations of an Array's Elements
    Summary
    Looking Ahead
    CHAPTER 5: Working with Dates and Times
    CHAPTER 6: Working with Strings
    CHAPTER 7: Working with Files and Directories
    CHAPTER 8: Working with Dynamic Imaging
    CHAPTER 9: Using Regular Expressions
    CHAPTER 10: Working with Variables
    CHAPTER 11: Using Functions
    CHAPTER 12: Understanding Web Basics
    CHAPTER 13: Creating and Using Forms
    CHAPTER 14: Working with Markup
    CHAPTER 15: Using MySQL Databases in PHP 5
    CHAPTER 16: Communicating with Internet Services
    Index
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    Summary

    Different programming languages call arrays by different names and have different methods for manipulating them, but any programming language worth using provides some means of working with sets of data. PHP is no different in this regard. In fact, as you had the chance to see in this chapter, PHP excels in its array-handling capabilities. What PHP refers to simply as an array really encompasses two related but different structures—ordered and unordered lists.

    In this chapter, we covered PHP arrays and array functions, starting with creating and populating them and then looking at different techniques for adding elements to existing arrays and removing elements from them either singly or in groups. We also discussed how to determine whether a given element exists in an array, how to access that element once you have made that determination, and how to traverse an array in a systematic fashion.


      

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