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This chapter lays the ground work that helps us to understand what Content Management Systems (CMS) are all about. First, it summarizes the whole idea of a CMS — where it came from and what it looks like. This is followed by a review of the technology that is advocated here for CMS building. Next, we will take account of how the circumstances in which a CMS is deployed affect its design; some of the important environmental factors, including security, are considered. Finally, all these things are brought together in an overview of CMS architecture. Along the way, Aliro is introduced — the CMS framework that is used for illustrating implementations throughout this book.