5.7. Summary

This chapter reviewed dozens of mathematical, statistical, and probability functions that are useful for manipulating data. We saw how to apply these functions to a wide range of data objects, including vectors, matrices, and data frames. We learned to use control-flow constructs for looping and branching to execute some statements repetitively and execute other statements only when certain conditions are met. You then had a chance to write your own functions and apply them to data. Finally, we explored ways of collapsing, aggregating, and restructuring your data.

Now that you’ve gathered the tools you need to get your data into shape (no pun intended), we’re ready to bid part 1 goodbye and enter the exciting world of data analysis! In upcoming chapters, we’ll begin to explore the many statistical and graphical methods available for turning data into information.