Copyright

The Object Mentors:

Michael C. Feathers  Timothy R. Ottinger
Jeffrey J. Langr  Brett L. Schuchert
James W. Grenning  Kevin Dean Wampler
         Object Mentor Inc.

Writing clean code is what you must do in order to call yourself a professional. There is no reasonable excuse for doing anything less than your best.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals.

The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Martin, Robert C.
   Clean code : a handbook of agile software craftsmanship / Robert C. Martin.
        p. cm.
   Includes bibliographical references and index.
   ISBN 0-13-235088-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)
   1. Agile software development. 2. Computer software—Reliability. I. Title.
   QA76.76.D47M3652 2008
   005.1—dc22                                                                           2008024750

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to:

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ISBN-13: 978-0-13-235088-4

Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts.

Ninth printing, May 2011

Dedication

For Ann Marie: The ever enduring love of my life.