| 1. | The Standish Group International. Chaos. 1994. Dennis, MA, pp. 2–7. |
| 2. | Ibid. |
| 3. | Bulkeley, William M. 1996. When Things Go Wrong. The Wall Street Journal, technology supplement. (Nov. 18); and King, Julia. 1997. IS Reins in Runaway Projects. Computerworld (Feb. 24): 1. |
| 4. | Maglitta, Joseph E. 1995. Anxious Allies. Computerworld Special Report. (June 12): 5–9. |
| 5. | Ibid., p. 6. |
| 6. | Ibid., p. 5. |
| 7. | Fortune. 1997. Fortune 500 Ranked by Performance (Apr. 28): F-28. |
| 8. | Ewusi-Mensah, Kweku. 1997. Critical Issues in Abandoned Information Systems Development Projects. Communications of the ACM (Sept.): 75–76. |
| 9. | Information Technology Association of America. 1998. Help Wanted: A Call for Collaborative Action for the New Millenium. Arlington, VA (Jan. 12): 3, 7. |
| 10. | Garner, Rochelle, and David Weldon. 1998. The Numbers Game. Computerworld (Jan. 26): 89. |
| 11. | Melymuka, Kathleen. 1997. We’re in the Money. Computerworld (Sept. 1): 62. |
| 12. | Garner, Rochelle, and David Weldon. 1998. The Numbers Game. Computerworld (Jan. 26): 89; and Garner, Rochelle. 1998. Pressure Gap: Transforming the IT Workforce. Computerworld (Feb. 2): 76. |
| 13. | Garner, Rochelle, and David Weldon. 1998. The Numbers Game. Computerworld (Jan. 26): 89. |
| 14. | Williamson, Miryam. 1998. Quarterly Hiring Outlook: No Day at the Beach. Computerworld (Apr. 6): 84–85. |
| 15. | Clark, Charles E., et al. 1997. Building Change-Readiness Capabilities in the IS Organization: Insights from the Bell Atlantic Experience. MIS Quarterly (Dec. 1997): 427, 430, 432. |
| 16. | Brooks, Frederick P., Jr. 1995. The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering. Anniversary ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, p. 255. |
| 17. | Quoted in LaPlante, Alice. 1995. Scope Grope. Computerworld (Mar. 20): 81. |
| 18. | McConnell, Steve. 1996. Rapid Development: Taming Wild Software Schedules. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, pp. 168, 197. |
| 19. | Kiewel, Brad. 1998. Measuring Progress in Software Development. PM Network (Jan.): 32. |
| 20. | Gause, Donald C., and Gerald M. Weinberg. 1989. Exploring Requirements: Quality before Design. New York: Dorset House, p. 277. |
| 21. | McConnell, p. 47. |
| 22. | King, Julia. 1997. IS Reins in Runaway Projects. Computerworld (Feb. 24): 16, and presentation slide with note from The Standish Group International. |
| 23. | Brooks. 1986. No Silver Bullet reprint, p. 186. |
| 24. | Archibald, Russell D. 1992. Managing High-Technology Programs and Projects. 2d ed. New York: John Wiley, p. 10. |
| 25. | Cash, James I., F. Warren McFarland, and James L. McKenney. 1992. Corporate Information Systems Management: The Issues Facing Senior Executives. 3d ed. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, p. 9. |
| 26. | Archibald. 1993. Re-Tooling the Project-Driven Organization. PM Network (Nov.): 7. |
| 27. | Nadler and Hibino, p. 97. |
| 28. | Gates, Bill, with Nathan Myhrvold and Peter Rinearson. 1996. The Road Ahead. Rev. ed. New York: Viking Penguin, p. 157. |
