vii Copyright Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kliem, Ralph L. Tools and tips for today's project manager / Ralph L. Kliem, Irwin S. Ludin p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. 1-880410-61-3 (pbk: alk. paper) 1. Industrial project management. I. Ludin, Irwin S. II. Title. HD69.P75K595 1999 658.4'04 ­­ dc21 99­24030 CIP Published by: Project Management Institute Headquarters Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073-3299 USA Phone: 610-356-4600 or Visit our website: www.pmi.org ISBN: 1-880410-61-3 Copyedited by Jennifer B. Baumgartner Copyright ©1999 by the Project Management Institute. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, manual, photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. PMI® books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Business Man- ager, PMI Publishing Division, Forty Colonial Square, Sylva, NC 28779 USA. Or contact your local bookstore. The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48--1984). ©1999 Project Management Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. "PMI" is a trade and service mark registered in the United States and other nations; "PMP" and the PMP logo are registered certifi- cation marks in the United States and in other nations; and the PMI logo, "PMBOK" and "Building professionalism in project management." are trademarks of Project Management Institute, Inc.