vi List of Illustrations Figures Figure 1-1. Figure 1-2. Figure 1-3. Figure 3-1. Figure 3-2. Figure 3-3. Figure 4-1. Figure 4-2. Figure 5-1. Figure 5-2. Figure 5-3. Tables Table 1-1. Table 3-1. Table 5-1. Table 5-2. Table 5-3. Table 6-1. Mini Case Study: Software Manufacturers Mini-Case Study of One Company: Cost and Schedule Performance Range of IT Performance Project Management Performance Spectrum Mini-Case Study: Software Application Mini-Case Study: Additional Value Calculations 10­11 24­25 37 38 39­40 43­44 Costs of High-Profile Projects are Getting Larger Berkeley Project Management Process Maturity Model PMBOK® Guide Knowledge Areas and Project Life-Cycle Phases Equations Determining CPI and SPI SPI versus PMM CPI versus PMM SPI Standard Deviation versus PMM CPI Standard Deviation versus PMM Project Management Cost versus PMM Schematic Representation of Project Management Spending and PM/ROI SM versus PMM The Virtuous Cycle of Project Management 7 8 9 22 22 23 28 29 32 33 35