Notes

Chapter One: The Problem of Managing Yourself

^[]

^[] Ram Charan and Geoffrey Colvin, "Why CEOs Fail," Fortune, June 21, 1999, 69–78.

^[]

^[] Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert I. Sutton, The Knowing-Doing Gap: How Smart Companies Turn Knowledge into Action (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1999).

^[]

^[] Romans 7:15–19, King James Version.

^[]

^[] Mark Gunther, "Soul Trainer," Fortune, January 7, 2002, 119–121.

^[]

^[] "Oprah Winfrey I Fell 'Off the Wagon,'" People, December 22, 2008, http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20252101,00.html.

^[]

^[] Alex Williams, "New Year, New You? Nice Try," New York Times, December 31, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/01/fashion/01change.html; Atul Gawande, "The Man Who Couldn't Stop Eating," New Yorker, July 9, 2001, 66–75.

^[]

^[] Alan Deutschman, Change or Die (New York: Regan, 2007).

^[]

^[] Marilee C. Goldberg, The Art of the Question: A Guide to Short-Term Question-Centered Therapy (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 1998).

^[]

^[] Timothy D. Wilson, Stranger to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002).

^[]

^[] Howard Rachlin, The Science of Self-Control (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000).

^[]

^[] Walter Mischel and Ozlem Ayduk, "Willpower in a Cognitive-Affective Processing System: The Dynamics of Delay of Gratification," in Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications, ed. Roy F. Baumeister and Kathleen D. Vohs (New York: Guilford Press, 2004), 99–129.

^[]

^[] Amanda Fortini, "Special Treatment: The Rise of Luxury Rehab," New Yorker, December 1, 2008, 40–48.

^[]

^[] The elephant as a metaphor for the unconscious ego-mind is in the teachings of Sathya Sai Baba and Ramana Maharshi. Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom (New York: Basic Books, 2006), suggested the boy rider and elephant as a metaphor for the conscious and unconscious minds.

Chapter Two: Recognize Your Two Selves

^[]

^[] Elkhonon Goldberg, The Executive Brain: Frontal Lobes and the Civilized Mind (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).

^[]

^[] John A. Bargh and Tonya L. Chartrand, "The Unbearable Automaticity of Being," American Psychologist 54, no. 7 (1999): 462–479.

^[]

^[] Ken Keyes Jr., Handbook to Higher Consciousness (Coos Bay, OR: Love Line Books, 1988).

^[]

^[] Timothy D. Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002).

^[]

^[] Pujan Roka, Bhagavad Gita on Effective Leadership: Timeless Wisdom for Leaders (New York: iUniverse, 2006); Arvind Sharma, Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction (London: Oxford University Press, 2000); Bhagavad Gita, ch. 3, v. 42.

^[]

^[] Roka, Bhagavad Gita on Effective Leadership; Sharma, Classical Hindu Thought; Bhagavad Gita, ch. 3, v. 42.

^[]

^[] A Course in Miracles (Mill Valley, CA: Foundation for Inner Peace, 1992).

^[]

^[] Martin E. P. Seligman, Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life (New York: Vintage Books, 2006).

^[]

^[] Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves.

^[]

^[] Brandon J. Schmeichel and Roy F. Baumeister, "Self-Regulatory Strength," in Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications, ed. Roy F. Baumeister and Kathleen D. Vohs (New York: Guilford Press, 2004), 84–98.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Meetings, Version 2.0, at Microsoft," New York Times, May 17, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] The research by Michael Kane, a psychologist at UNC Greensboro, was reported in Malcolm Ritter, "Mind-Wandering Intrigues Psychologists," Tennessean, March 20, 2007, 5A.

^[]

^[] Eckhard Tolle, A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose (New York: Dutton, 2005), 31–32.

^[]

^[] Belle Linda Halpern and Kathy Lubar, Leadership Presence (New York: Gotham Books, 2003).

^[]

^[] Jodi Kantor, "For a New Political Age, a Self-Made Man," New York Times, August 28, 2008, A1, A21; David Brooks, "Thinking About Obama," New York Times, October 17, 2008, A33; Jodi Kantor, "Barack Obama, Forever Sizing Up," New York Times, October 26, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/26/weekinreview/26kantor.html?pagewanted=print.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "In a Near-Death Event, a Corporate Rite of Passage," New York Times, August 2, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Jim Fannin, S.C.O.R.E. for Life: The Secret Formula for Thinking Like a Champion (New York: HarperCollins, 2005).

^[]

^[] Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom (New York: Basic Books, 2006).

^[]

^[] Jerome Groopman, How Doctors Think (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007).

^[]

^[] Sent-ts'an, "On Trust in the Heart," in Buddhist Texts Through the Ages, ed. E. Conze (New York: HarperCollins, 1954), 295.

^[]

^[] Richard L. Daft, The Leadership Experience, 4th ed. (Mason, OH: South-Western, 2008).

^[]

^[] Ram Charan, Know-How: The 8 Skills That Separate People Who Perform from Those Who Don't (New York: Crown, 2007), 83.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "At Yum Brands, Rewards for Good Work," New York Times, July 12, 2009, B2.

Chapter Three: Three Tendencies That Distort Your Reality

^[]

^[] Mitchell Zuckoff, "The Perfect Mark," New Yorker, May 15, 2006, 36–43.

^[]

^[] Larry Bossidy and Ram Charan, Confronting Reality: Doing What Matters to Get Things Right (New York: Crown Business, 2004), 11.

^[]

^[] Timothy D. Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious (Cambridge MA: Belknap Press, 2002).

^[]

^[] These research findings were summarized in Daniel Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness (New York: Knopf, 2006).

^[]

^[] Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness; Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom (New York: Basic Books, 2006).

^[]

^[] Haidt, Happiness Hypothesis, 29.

^[]

^[] Eric Klein and John Izzo, Awakening Corporate Soul: Four Paths to Unleash the Power of People at Work (Beverly, MA: Fair Winds Press, 1999); "John Izzo Leadership Speaker," http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9C3wJbjsN4.

^[]

^[] Holly Hom and Jonathan Haidt, "The Bonding and Norming Functions of Gossip" (in preparation, University of Virginia), cited in Haidt, Happiness Hypothesis, 54.

^[]

^[] John Gottman, Why Marriages Succeed or Fail (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995); Marcial Losada and Emily Heaphy, "The Role of Positivity and Connectivity in the Performance of Business Teams," American Behavioral Scientist 47, no. 6 (2004): 740–765.

^[]

^[] M. W. McCall Jr. and M. M. Lombardo, Off the Track: Why and How Successful Executives Get Derailed, Technical Report No. 21 (Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership, 1983).

^[]

^[] Michael Ray and Rochelle Myers, Creativity in Business (New York: Broadway Books, 1986).

^[]

^[] Riccardo Orizio, Talk of the Devil: Encounters with Seven Dictators (New York: Walker, 2004).

^[]

^[] Helen Phillips, "Mind Fiction: Why Your Brain Tells Tall Tales," New Scientist, October 7, 2006, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19225720.100-mind-fiction-why-your-brain-tells-tall-tales.html.

^[]

^[] G. H. Estabrooks, Hypnotism (New York: Dutton, 1943), 78.

^[]

^[] Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness.

^[]

^[] Sydney Finkelstein, Jo Whitehead, and Andrew Campbell, "The Illusion of Smart Decision Making: The Past Is Not Prologue," Journal of Business Strategy 30, no. 6 (2008): 36–43.

^[]

^[] Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness.

^[]

^[] Chris Argyris, Strategy, Change and Defensive Routines (Boston: Pitman, 1985).

^[]

^[] Ibid.

^[]

^[] Robert Wright, The Moral Animal (New York: Pantheon, 1994), 280.

Chapter Four: Every Leader's Six Mental Mistakes

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "In Praise of All That Grunt Work," New York Times, May 31, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "There's No Need to Bat .900," New York Times, April 5, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "He Wants Subjects, Verbs and Objects," New York Times, April 26, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Paul Tough, "Can the Right Kinds of Play Teach Self-Control?" New York Times Magazine, September 27, 2009, 30–35.

^[]

^[] Adapted from "The Bosses and John, Their Subordinate," case UVA-OB-0217 (Charlottesville: Darden Business Publishing, University of Virginia).

^[]

^[] Robert Lee Hotz, "The Science Journal: Get out of Your Own Way," Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2008, A9.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "He Was Promotable, After All," New York Times, May 3, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Srikumar S. Rao, Are You Ready to Succeed? Unconventional Strategies for Achieving Personal Mastery in Business and Life (New York: Hyperion, 2006).

^[]

^[] Benedict Carey, "A Shocker: Partisan Thought Is Unconscious," New York Times, January 24, 2006, F8.

^[]

^[] Michael B. Metzger, "Managing Our 'Inner Lawyer,' " Business Horizons 52, no. 1 (2009): 7–12.

^[]

^[] Marshall Goldsmith with Mark Reiter, What Got You Here Won't Get You There (New York: Hyperion, 2007), 45–46.

^[]

^[] Maia Szalavitz, "10 Ways We Get the Odds Wrong," Psychology Today, January/February 2008, 96–101.

^[]

^[] Tom Vanderbilt, Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us) (New York: Knopf, 2008).

^[]

^[] Chris Argyris, Strategy, Change and Defensive Routines (Boston: Pitman, 1985), 11–12.

^[]

^[] David C. Glass and Jerome E. Singer, Urban Stress: Experiments on Noise and Social Stressors (New York: Academic Press, 1972).

^[]

^[] Ellen J. Langer, The Psychology of Control (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1983), 241–250.

^[]

^[] Shelley E. Taylor, Positive Illusions: Creative Self-Deception and the Healthy Mind (New York: Basic Books, 1989).

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Planes, Cars, and Cathedrals," New York Times, September 6, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] This definition was drawn from the "Procrastination Central" Web site of the University of Calgary, http://www.procrastinus.com/.

^[]

^[] Dominique Browning, "Woman's Estate," New York Times Book Review, January 4, 2009, 10.

^[]

^[] Sumantra Ghoshal and Heike Bruch, "Going Beyond Motivation to the Power of Volition," MIT Sloan Management Review 44, no. 3 (Spring 2003): 51–57.

^[]

^[] Dan Lovallo and Danielle Kahneman, "Delusions of Success: How Optimism Undermines Executives' Decisions," Harvard Business Review, July 2003, 56–63, 117.

^[]

^[] Douglas R. Hofstadter, Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, 20th anniv. ed. (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 152; Jane Collingwood, "Hofstadter's Law and Realistic Planning," PsychCentral, http://psychcentral.com/lib/2009/hofstadters-law-and-realistic-planning/.

^[]

^[] Martin Wolk, "Cost of Iraq War Could Surpass $1 Trillion," MSNBC, updated March, 17, 2006, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11880954/.

^[]

^[] Thom Shanker, "New Strategy Vindicates Ex-Army Chief Shinseki," New York Times, January 12, 2007, A13.

^[]

^[] Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, vol. 1, Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (1930; London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1953), 75–76.

^[]

^[] Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior (New York: Plenum, 1985).

^[]

^[] Alfie Kohn, Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise, and Other Bribes (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999).

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Can You Pass a CEO Test?" New York Times, March 15, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Jonathan Roof, Pathways to God (Prasanthi Nilayam, India: The Convener, Sri Sathya Sai Books and Publications Trust, 2006), 3:96.

^[]

^[] Kohn, Punished by Rewards.

^[]

^[] Nouk Sanchez and Tomas Vieira, Take Me to the Truth: Undoing the Ego (Winchester, England: O Books, 2007), 64–65.

^[]

^[] This term was coined by Philip Brickman and Donald Campbell, "Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society," in Adaptation Level Theory: A Symposium, ed. M. H. Apley (New York: Academic Press, 1971), 287–302.

Chapter Five: Engage Your Intention

^[]

^[] Lynne McTaggart, The Intention Experiment: Using Your Thoughts to Change Your Life and the World (New York: Free Press, 2007), 127.

^[]

^[] "Muhammad Ali's Biography," Blogs.com, http://www.biogs.com/famous/alimuhammad.html.

^[]

^[] McTaggart, Intention Experiment, 128.

^[]

^[] Gary Mack with David Casstevens, Mind Gym: An Athlete's Guide to Inner Excellence (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), 112.

^[]

^[] This exercise was developed by Janet Simmons and Don Irwin of the Developmental Educational Learning Institute in Des Moines, Iowa, 1993.

^[]

^[] Dan Heath and Chip Heath, "Make Goals Not Resolutions," Fast Company, February 2008, 58–59.

^[]

^[] Mack with Casstevens, Mind Gym.

^[]

^[] A. H. Dorfman and Karl Kuehl, The Mental Game of Baseball: A Guide to Peak Performance, 3rd ed. (South Bend, IN: Diamond Communications, 2002), 139.

^[]

^[] Charles Garfield, "Peak Performers," Success, February 1986, cited in Dorfman and Kuehl, Mental Game of Baseball, 143–144.

^[]

^[] Much of this discussion is based on McTaggart, Intention Experiment, ch. 9.

^[]

^[] D. Smith, P. Holmes, D. Collins, and K. Layland, "The Effect of Mental Practice on Muscle Strength and EMG Activity," Proceedings of the British Psychological Society Annual Conference 6, no. 2 (1998): 116.

^[]

^[] Robert Scaglione and William Cummins, Karate of Okinawa: Building Warrior Spirit (North Clarendon, VT: Total Publishing, 1993); "Creative Visualization," Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativevisualization.

^[]

^[] McTaggart, Intention Experiment.

^[]

^[] Ibid.

^[]

^[] Jim Fannin, S.C.O.R.E. for Life: The Five Keys to Optimal Achievement (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 30–35.

^[]

^[] Dan Hill, Emotionomics: Leveraging Emotions for Business Success (London: Kogan Page, 2009).

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Stumping for Votes, Every Day," New York Times, June 27, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Emile Coué, Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion (New York: American Library Service, 1922).

^[]

^[] These examples are drawn from Timothy D. Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002), 32; and Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom (New York: Basic Books, 2006), 13–14.

^[]

^[] Grainne M. Fitzsimons and John A. Bargh, "Automatic Self-Regulation," in Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications, ed. Roy F. Baumeister and Kathleen D. Vohs (New York: Guilford Press, 2004), 155–170.

^[]

^[] Lauren Collins, "The Vertical Tourist," New Yorker, April 20, 2009, 69–79.

Chapter Six: Follow Through on Your Intentions

^[]

^[] Timothy D. Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002), 176–178.

^[]

^[] Donald G. Phillips, Lincoln on Leadership: Executive Strategies for Tough Times (New York: Business Plus, 1992).

^[]

^[] Judy Battista, "Secret to Stealers Coach Tomlin's Success: Take Notes," New York Times, January 26, 2009, D1, D7.

^[]

^[] Peter M. Gollwitzer, "Implementation Intentions: Strong Effects of Simple Plans," American Psychologist 54, no. 7 (July 1999): 493–503.

^[]

^[] Cornelius J. Koenig and Martin Kleinmann, "Time Management Problems and Discounted Utility," Journal of Psychology 141, no. 3 (May 2007): 321–335.

^[]

^[] Cornelius J. Koenig and Martin Kleinmann, "Deadline Rush: A Time Management Phenomenon and Its Mathematical Description," Journal of Psychology 139, no. 1 (January 2005): 33–45.

^[]

^[] Dan Ariely and Klaus Wertenbroch, "Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment," Psychological Science 13, no. 3 (May 2002): 219–224.

^[]

^[] Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Bias," Science 185, no. 4157 (September 27, 1974): 1124–1131.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "For This Guru, No Question Is Too Big," New York Times, May 24, 2009, B2; Jim Collins, "Forget Strategy. Build Mechanisms Instead," Inc., October 1997, 45–47.

^[]

^[] Steve Ballmer's comments on his time management can be viewed at http://online.wsj.com/public/page/lessons-in-leadership.html.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "He Was Promotable, After All," New York Times, May 3, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Terri Cullen, "The $500 Rule: Managing His, Mine and Our Money," Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2008, D1.

^[]

^[] Colette A. Frayne and J. Michael Geringer, "Self-Management Training for Improving Job Performance: A Field Experiment Involving Salespeople," Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, no. 3 (2005): 361–372.

^[]

^[] Pamela Weiler Grayson, "Dieting? Put Your Money Where Your Fat Is," New York Times, February 5, 2009, E8.

^[]

^[] Atul Gawande, "A Life-Saving Checklist," New York Times, December 30, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/30/opinion/30gawande.html?r=2&oref=slogin.

^[]

^[] Mike Stobbe, "Checklists Cut Surgery Errors in Half, Study Finds," Tennessean, January 15, 2009, 12A; Liz Szabo, "Studies: Surgeons Could Save Lives, $20B by Using Checklist," USA Today, January 14, 2009, http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2009-01-14-surgery-checklistN.htm.

^[]

^[] Atul Gawande, "The Checklist," New Yorker, December 10, 2007, 86–101.

^[]

^[] David Allen, Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity (New York: Viking Penguin, 2001).

Chapter Seven: Calm Down to Speed Up

^[]

^[] Laraine Herring, Writing Begins with the Breath: Embodying Your Authentic Voice (Boston: Shambhala, 2007), 113.

^[]

^[] James's essay was described in Maxwell Maltz, Psycho-Cybernetics: A New Way to Get More Living out of Life (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1960), 73.

^[]

^[] Sivi Hustvedt, "Arms at Rest," New York Times, February 7, 2008, http://migraine.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/07/arms-at-rest/?scp=1&sq=%22arms%20at%20rest%22&st=cse.

^[]

^[] John Paul Newport, "When 3 Feet Is a Mile," Wall Street Journal, August 2–3, 2008, W5.

^[]

^[] Carol Hymowitz, "Executive Adopts Motto for Job Stress: Work Hard, Be Nice," Wall Street Journal, April 16, 2007, B1.

^[]

^[] Cassell Bryan-Low, "Yoga Bears: It's No Stretch to Say Traders Are Taking Deep Breaths," Wall Street Journal, July 24, 2008, A1, A12.

^[]

^[] Stacey Forster, "Companies Say Yoga Isn't a Stretch—Physical, Emotional Benefits Are Praised as More Firms Look to Cut Health Costs,"Wall Street Journal, October 14, 2003, D4.

^[]

^[] Herring, Writing Begins with the Breath, 79–80.

^[]

^[] The importance of willingness compared to wishing or forcing is mentioned in Beatrice Bruteau, Radical Optimism: Practical Spirituality in an Uncertain World (Boulder, CO: Sentient, 2002), 35; and in A Course in Miracles (Mill Valley, CA: Foundation for Inner Peace, 1992).

Chapter Eight: Slow Down to Stop Your Reactions

^[]

^[] Kevin Maney, "Marc Andreessen Puts His Money Where His Mouth Is," Fortune, July 20, 2009, 39–48.

^[]

^[] Michael Bloomberg, "The Best Advice I Ever Got," Fortune, May 12, 2008, 73.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "He Wants Subjects, Verbs and Objects," New York Times, April 26, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Imagining a World of No Annual Reviews," New York Times, October 18, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Can You Pass a CEO Test?" New York Times, March 13, 2009, BU2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "The Benefit of a Boot out the Door," New York Times, November 8, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Donald T. Phillips, Lincoln on Leadership: Executive Strategies for Tough Times (New York: Business Plus, 1992).

^[]

^[] Jerome Groopman, How Doctors Think (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007), 74.

^[]

^[] Danny Meyer, "The Saltshaker Theory," Inc., October 2006, 69–70; adapted from Danny Meyer, Setting the Table: The Transforming Power of Hospitality in Business (New York: HarperCollins, 2006).

^[]

^[] Marshall Goldsmith with Mark Reiter, What Got You Here Won't Get You There (New York: Hyperion, 2007), 55.

^[]

^[] The use of mental stimuli has been described in various books on neurolinguistic programming. The application to food cravings is also described in Paul McKenna, I Can Make You Thin (New York: Sterling, 2008).

Chapter Nine: Get to Know Your Inner Elephant

^[]

^[] Coeli Carr, "Redesigning the Management Psyche," New York Times, May 26, 2002, B3, B14.

^[]

^[] W. Timothy Gallwey, The Inner Game of Tennis (New York: Random House, 1997).

^[]

^[] Colette A. Frayne and J. Michael Geringer, "A Social Cognitive Approach to Examining Joint Venture General Managers," Group and Organization Management 19, no. 2 (1994): 240–262.

^[]

^[] Bill George, Peter Sims, Andrew N. McLean, David Mayer, and Diana Mayer, "Discovering Your Authentic Leadership," Harvard Business Review, February 2007, 129–138.

^[]

^[] This list is taken from Christopher Peterson, A Primer in Positive Psychology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 142–146. This text is an excellent source for a deeper explanation of each strength.

^[]

^[] Ibid., 158–159.

^[]

^[] Jerry L. Fletcher, Patterns of High Performance: Discovering the Ways People Work Best (San Francisco: Barrett-Koehler, 1993).

^[]

^[] Ibid., 49.

^[]

^[] These suggestions are from Peterson, A Primer in Positive Psychology, 159–162.

^[]

^[] Eliyahu M. Goldratt, What Is This Thing Called Theory of Constraints and How Should It Be Implemented? (Great Barrington, MA: North River Press, 1990).

^[]

^[] Timothy D. Wilson, Stranger to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002).

^[]

^[] Gary Rivlin, "He Naps, He Sings. And He Isn't Michael Dell," New York Times, September 11, 2005, 1, 7.

^[]

^[] George, Sims, McLean, Mayer, and Mayer, "Discovering Your Authentic Leadership."

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "The Keeper of That Tapping Pen," New York Times, March 22, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Knock-Knock: It's the CEO," New York Times, April 12, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Stephen P. Kaufman, "Evaluating the CEO," Harvard Business Review, October 2008, 53–57.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Feedback in Heaping Helpings," New York Times, March 29, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "There's No Need to Bat .900," New York Times, April 5, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Imagining a World of No Annual Reviews," New York Times, October 18, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Eric Schmidt, "The Best Advice I Ever Got," Fortune, July 6, 2009, 48.

^[]

^[] Julia Lawlor, "Personality 2.0," Red Herring, April 1, 2001, 98–103.

^[]

^[] Ram Charan, Know-How: The 8 Skills That Separate People Who Perform from Those Who Don't (New York: Crown Business), 170–172.

^[]

^[] Quoted by Michael Eisner, in an interview by Laura Rich, "Talk About Failure," Industry Standard, July 30, 2001, 41–47.

^[]

^[] Patricia Sellers, "Lessons of the Fall," Fortune, June 9, 2008, 70–80.

^[]

^[] Warren G. Bennis and Robert J. Thomas, Geeks and Geezers: How Era, Values, and Defining Moments Shape Leaders (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2002).

^[]

^[] Chris Argyris, "Teaching Smart People How to Learn," Harvard Business Review, May/June 1991, 100.

^[]

^[] Patricia Sellers, "So You Fail. Now Bounce Back!" Fortune, May 1, 1995, 48–66.

^[]

^[] For research on the benefits of trauma, see Camille B. Wortman, "Posttraumatic Growth: Progress and Problems," Psychological Inquiry 15, no. 1 (2004): 81–90. Studies on posttraumatic growth are reported in Richard G. Tedeschi and Lawrence G. Calhoun, "Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence," Psychological Inquiry 15, no. 1 (2004): 1–18; Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and Christopher G. Davis, "Positive Responses to Loss," in Handbook of Positive Psychology, ed. C. R. Snyder and Shane J. Lopez (New York: Oxford University Press), 598–607; Richard G. Tedeschi, Crystal L. Park, and Lawrence G. Calhoun, eds., Posttraumatic Growth: Positive Changes in the Aftermath of Crisis (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1998).

^[]

^[] The quoted image is from Sobonfu E. Some, "Wisewoman: The Other Side of Failure," Essence, March 2004, 141, excerpted from Sobonfu E. Some, Falling out of Grace: Meditations on Loss, Healing, and Wisdom (El Sobrante, CA: North Bay Books, 2003).

^[]

^[] Haidt, Happiness Hypothesis, 136–141, provides a clear overview of the theories of posttraumatic growth.

^[]

^[] Thomas Cleary, trans., Zen Lessons: The Art of Leadership (Boston: Shambhala, 1989), 43.

^[]

^[] Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet (New York: Knopf, 1987), 58.

^[]

^[] Quoted in Jonathan Roof, Pathways to God (Faber, VA: Leela Press, 1991), 168.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Connecting the Dots Isn't Enough," New York Times, July 19, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Sellers, "So You Fail."

Chapter Ten: Expand Your Awareness

^[]

^[] Marshall Goldsmith with Mark Reiter, What Got You Here Won't Get You There (New York: Hyperion, 2007), 167.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "There's No Need to Bat .900," New York Times, April 5, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "The Keeper of That Tapping Pen," New York Times, March 22, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Charisma? To Her, It's Overrated," New York Times, July 5, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Kent W. Siebert and Marilyn W. Daudelin, The Role of Reflection in Managerial Learning: Theory, Research, and Practice (Westport, CT: Quorum, 1999).

^[]

^[] Rick Smith, "What Jack Welch Taught Me," New York Times, December 21, 2008, B8.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Can You Pass a CEO Test?" New York Times, March 15, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Patricia Raber Hedberg, "Learning Through Reflective Classroom Practice: Applications to Educate the Reflective Manager," Journal of Management Education 33, no. 1 (February 2009): 10–36.

^[]

^[] Quoted in Jonathan Gosling and Henry Mintzberg, "Reflect Yourself," HR Magazine, September 2004, 151–156.

Chapter Eleven: Sharpen Your Concentration

^[]

^[] Alice Schroeder, The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life (New York: Bantam Books, 2008).

^[]

^[] Maggie Jackson, "May We Have Your Attention, Please?" BusinessWeek, June 23, 2008, 55–56.

^[]

^[] Kabir Edmund Helminski, Living Presence: A Sufi Way to Mindfulness and the Essential Self (New York: Penguin Putnam, 1992).

^[]

^[] David Brooks, "The Frozen Gaze," New York Times, June 17, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/opinion/17brooks.html?scp=1&sq=%22the%20frozen%20gaze%22&st=cse; Michael Sokolov, "The Tiger Files," New York Times, July 14, 2002, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/14/magazine/the-tiger-files.html?scp=1&sq=%22the%20tiger%20files%22&st=cse.

^[]

^[] William James, Principles of Psychology, vol. 1 (New York: Henry Holt, 1910), 403–404.

^[]

^[] Patricia Monaghan and Eleanor G. Viereck, Meditation: The Complete Guide (Novato, CA: New World Library, 1999).

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "He Wants Subjects, Verbs and Objects," New York Times, April 25, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Colin Powell, "The Best Advice I Ever Got," Fortune, July 6, 2009, 48.

^[]

^[] John Paul Newport, "Golf Journal: Tiger's Search for Golf Stamina," Wall Street Journal, March 7–8, 2009, W4.

^[]

^[] Richard J. Machowicz, Unleash the Executive Within (New York: Harlow, 2002), 138.

^[]

^[] Jon Kabat-Zinn, Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness (New York: Hyperion, 2005), 73.

Chapter Twelve: Develop Your Witness

^[]

^[] Mark Williams, John Teasdale, Zindel Segal, and Jon Kabat-Zinn, The Mindful Way Through Depression: Freeing Yourself from Chronic Unhappiness (New York: Guilford Press, 2007).

^[]

^[] As told in Osho, Osho Upanishad (India: Rebel Publishing House, 2001), available at http://www.messagefrommasters.com/LifeofMasters/Jiddu/ObserveristheObserved.htm.

^[]

^[] Williams, Teasdale, Segal, and Kabat-Zinn, Mindful Way.

^[]

^[] Ibid., 153.

^[]

^[] David Brooks, "Lost in the Crowd," New York Times, December 16, 2008, A37.

^[]

^[] Sharon Begley, Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain (New York: Ballantine Books, 2007), 140–141.

^[]

^[] J. M. Schwartz, P. W. Stoessel, L. R. Baxter Jr., K. M. Martin, and M. E. Phelps, "Systematic Changes in Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rate After Successful Behavior Modification Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder," Archives of General Psychiatry 53, no. 2 (February 1996): 109–113.

^[]

^[] Who Am I: The Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Marashi, 24th ed. (Tamil Nadu, India: Sri Ramanasramam Tiruvannamalai, 2008).

Chapter Thirteen: Reprogram Yourself

^[]

^[] The Way of a Pilgrim and The Pilgrim Continues His Way, trans. R. M. French (San Francisco: HarperOne, 1991), 93.

^[]

^[] Jonathan Roof, Pathways to God (Faber, VA: Leela Press, 1990).

^[]

^[] Thomas Ashley-Farrand, Healing Mantras: Using Sound Affirmations for Personal Power, Creativity, and Healing (New York: Wellspring, 1999).

^[]

^[] Ibid.

^[]

^[] Abdu'l-Bahá, Tablets of Abdul-Bahá Abbas, vol. 3 (New York: Bahá'í Publishing Committee, 1930), 641.

^[]

^[] Bahá'u'lláh, Epistle to the Son of the Wolf (Wilmette, IL: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1988), 93.

^[]

^[] Debra Williams, "Scientific Research of Prayer: Can the Power of Prayer Be Proven?" PLIM Report 8, no. 4 (1999), http://www.plim.org/PrayerDeb.htm.

^[]

^[] John Tierney, "For Good Self-Control, Try Getting Religious About It," New York Times, December 30, 2008, D2.

Chapter Fourteen: Mend Your Mind with Meditation

^[]

^[] David Lynch, Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity (New York: Tarcher, 2006), 4.

^[]

^[] Ibid., 7.

^[]

^[] Ibid., 75.

^[]

^[] Michelle Conlin, "Meditation: New Research Shows That It Changes the Brain in Ways That Alleviate Stress," BusinessWeek, August 23, 2004, 136–137.

^[]

^[] Roger Berkowitz, "The Way I Work," Inc., July 2008, 85–87.

^[]

^[] Conlon, "Meditation."

^[]

^[] Maria Bartiromo, "Facetime: Jerry Levin on What He's Learned in His Second Life," BusinessWeek, July 14, 2008, 23–24.

^[]

^[] Oliver Ryan, "Om Work," Fortune, July 23, 2007, 193–194.

^[]

^[] Ibid.

^[]

^[] Whitney Joiner, "Staring at Death, and Finding Their Bliss," New York Times, September 17, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/movies/13dhar.html?scp=1&sq=%22staring%20at%20death%22&st=cse.

^[]

^[] Conlon, "Meditation."

^[]

^[] Shauna L. Shapiro, Gary E. Schwartz, and Ginny Bonner, "Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Medical and Premedical Students," Journal of Behavioral Medicine 21, no. 6 (1998): 581–599.

^[]

^[] Patricia Leigh Brown, "In the Classroom, a New Focus on Quieting the Mind," New York Times, June 16, 2007, A8.

^[]

^[] Jon Kabat-Zinn, Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World Through Mindfulness (New York: Hyperion, 2005), 75.

^[]

^[] Adapted from Sai Baba, Meditation, pamphlet published under the auspices of the Sri Sathya Sai Baba Spiritual Council of Canada (n.d.).

^[]

^[] Ibid.

Chapter Fifteen: Change Your Frame to See People

^[]

^[] These questions are modified from an exercise in Melvin R. McKnight, "Organizational Behavior as a Phenomenological, Free-Will Centered Science" (unpublished manuscript, College of Business Administration, Northern Arizona University, 1997).

^[]

^[] This discussion is based on McKnight, "Organizational Behavior," and Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology of Being (New York: Van Nostrand, 1963).

^[]

^[] Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Ronald Gregor Smith (New York: Scribner's, 1958).

^[]

^[] Steven R. Weisman, "For Wolfowitz, a 2nd Chance Dissolves into Failure," New York Times, May 17, 2007, A1, A12.

^[]

^[] The Arbiter Institute, Leadership and Self-Deception: Getting out of the Box (San Francisco: Barrett-Kohler, 2000).

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Think 'We' for Best Results," New York Times, April 19, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Indra Nooyi, "The Best Advice I Ever Got," Fortune, May 12, 2008, 74.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "The Divine, Too, Is in the Details," New York Times, June 21, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Sally Jenkins, "Coughlin's Successful Formula," Washington Post, December 22, 2005, E1; Ralph Vacchiano, "There's a Softer Side of Tom Coughlin," New York Daily News, January 30, 2008, 56; "Tom Coughlin, Giants Roll with Changes," New York Daily News, January 27, 2008, http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/giants/2008/01/27/2008-01-27tomcoughlingiantsrollwithchanges.html.

^[]

^[] George Vecsey, "Living and Learning, Changing and Winning," New York Times, July 27, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/27/sports/football/27vecsey.html?scp=3&sq=%22living%20and%20learning%22&st=cse; Greg Garber, "Tom Coughlin's Startling Personality Makeover Remains Intact," ESPN.com, January 17, 2008, http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs07/columns/story?columnist=garbergreg&id=3200779.

^[]

^[] Ernie Palladino, "Coughlin's Changes Helped Giants Come Together," USA Today, January 18, 2008, http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs07/columns/story?columnist=garbergreg&id=3200779.

^[]

^[] Vecsey, "Living and Learning."

^[]

^[] David Bollier, "Building Corporate Loyalty While Rebuilding the Community," Management Review, October 1996, 17–22.

^[]

^[] Kent Clarke, "Key Assets," Sky, September 1997, 103–107; KeyCorp, "2,600 KeyCorp Employees to Work on 'Neighbors Make the Difference Day' Volunteer Project in Cleveland," press release, September 6, 2006.

^[]

^[] I want to thank Michael Ray, Stanford Business School, for providing me with his exercise "Do What You Love," on which my exercises are based.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "Ensemble Acting, in Business," New York Times, June 6, 2009, B2.

Chapter Sixteen: Change Your Frame to Ask Questions

^[]

^[] Leigh Buchanan, "In Praise of Selflessness; Why the Best Leaders Are Servants," Inc., May 2007, 33–35.

^[]

^[] Cari Tuna, "Micromanagers Miss Bull's-Eye," Wall Street Journal, September 3, 2008, B4.

^[]

^[] Robert B. Dilts, Strategies of Genius, vol. 1 (Capitola, CA: Meta Publications, 1994), 282.

^[]

^[] Adam Bryant, "He Prizes Questions More Than Answers," New York Times, October 25, 2009, B2.

^[]

^[] Dorothy Leeds, Smart Questions: The Essential Strategy for Successful Managers (New York: Berkley Books, 1988).

^[]

^[] Larry Bossidy and Ram Charan, Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done (New York: Crown Business, 2002).

^[]

^[] This discussion and questions are based on Vikki Clawson and Robert Bostrom, "Outcome-Directed Thinking: Questions That Turn Things Around" (unpublished paper, Athens, GA, Bostrom & Associates, 2003), http://www.terry.uga.edu/~bostrom/Outmodel.doc.

^[]

^[] Kim H. Krisco, Leadership and the Art of Conversation: Conversation as a Management Tool (Rocklin, CA: Prima, 1997).

^[]

^[] Curtis Sittenfeld, "The Most Creative Man in Silicon Valley," Fast Company, December 19, 2007, http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/35/ray.html.

^[]

^[] "Good to Great Expectations: Jim Collins on Getting to the Next Level," BusinessWeek, August 25, 2008, 32–33.

^[]

^[] David Petraeus, "The Best Advice I Ever Got," Fortune, May 12, 2008, 75.

^[]

^[] Leigh Buchanan, "The Personality Makeover," Inc., March 2009, 60–61.

^[]

^[] Principles of Bahá'í consultation can be found at the following Web sites: http://www.bci.org/bahaistudies/courses/consultprinciples.htm, http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~vickers/warwickbookshop/pages/consultation.html, and http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GPTBenUS294US294&q=%22some+aspects+of+baha%27i+consultation%22.

^[]

^[] "Consultation," Bahá'ís of Warwick Bookshop, http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~vickers/warwick_bookshop/pages/consultation.html.

Chapter Seventeen: Living and Leading from Your Inner Executive

^[]

^[] Andrew Gordon, "Star Wars: A Myth for Our Time," http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/agordon/starwars.htm.

^[]

^[] This list draws from Jon Kabat-Zinn, Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness (New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks, 1990), 33–45; and David R. Hawkins, Transcending the Levels of Consciousness: The Stairway to Enlightenment (West Sedona, AZ: Veritas, 2006), 167–185.

^[]

^[] This discussion was drawn from Jill Bolte Taylor, My Stroke of Insight: A Brain Scientist's Personal Journey (New York: Plume, 2006).

^[]

^[] Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse (New York: Guilford Press, 2002), 57.