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Another kind of communication between a server and a browser is a web socket, which is a bidirectional protocol that travels over a TCP socket. It's not HTTP, but an entirely different socket-based protocol. This means you can't use Apache to send out data without a custom module or proxy to another server.
If you are looking for a way to implement a chat program or other real-time application where you're constantly sending and receiving data from a server or other users, you might use web sockets over traditional http/web programming.
For a list of server implementations see the following.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_WebSocket_implementations
Now even though I'm not going to implement a server solution here I'd like to invoke a current web socket at WebSocket.org. Here just like the other message implementations we write an event handler called onmessage, to take care of the response.